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Early Embryonic and Larval Development of Threatened Humped Featherback, Chitala Chitala (hamilton)

Durin Akhter Jahan
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Yahia Mahmud
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Head Quarter, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Md. Mominuzzaman Khan
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Joniara Rasid
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The embryonic and larval development of humped featherback, Chitala chitala was studied from fertilization until metamorphosis. This study presents preliminary observations on the embryonic and larval development of C. chitala under laboratory conditions. The eggs were obtained through controlled breeding under captive condition. Fertilized eggs were adhesive, spherical and lacked oil globule in the yolk sphere with a diameter of 4.2 – 5.0 mm. At a temperature of 28-31°C, hatching was completed within 6-7 days of fertilization. The newly hatched larvae were 15 ±0.2 mm in length with large yolk-sac. The yolk-sac was completely absorbed by the larva 7-8 days after hatching. At the same time the digestive system became fully developed and the larvae searched for feeding. The study aims at a standard description of early developmental stages that will provide valuable information towards large scale seed production and aquaculture of this threatened fish species.

Keywords: Embryo development, Metamorphosis, Threatened, Featherback, Chitala chitala

Location: Freshwater Station (FS), Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI)

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

1. To investigate and to provide the detailed information of the embryonic and larval development of C. chitala.

Methodology:

This experimental works were carried out in the hatchery cum breeding field complex and the laboratory of the Freshwater Station (FS), Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Controlled breeding in captivity: Controlled breeding of C. chitala took place in the breeding field complex under captive condition. During early March, after preparing the experimental pond (following all scientific management measures including fertilization, liming, supplementary feeding and water management) GIFT tilapia broods had been stocked @ 10,000 ha^-1 at sex ratio 2:1 (female: male) with SIS (Small Indigenous Species) of fish 25 kgha^-1^.Auto-stocking tilapia and SIS provided adequate natural food to C. chitala to satisfy its voracious feeding habit on them. Brood tilapia and SIS were fed with supplementary feed containing 30% crude protein. Water was exchanged 10-15% fortnightly. The water quality parameters: pH 6.6-7.5, dissolved oxygen 5-6 mg/L and temperature 28ºC-31ºC were observed in the brood pond. In April 2013, the collected sexually matured brood fishes of C. chitala weighing from 2.5 kg to 4kg were then released into the earthen breeding pond (0.08 ha) at a sex ratio 1:2 (female: male). Matured male fish were identified by a slightly pointed genital papilla, and females by a swollen abdomen and a reddish swollen vent. In addition, the maturity of the female was confirmed by a slightly pressing the ventral side of the fish for oozing of eggs. Breeding pool was prepared during the third week of July, where wooden boards (27" × 7" × 1.5") were used as egg collector device. Approximately 48 to 72 h after breeding pool preparation, the substrates were checked for their ovulatory response. After fertilization, the swollen eggs attached readily to substrates. The fertilized eggs attached with substrate were immediately transferred to three cemented tank containing glass nylon hapa with continuous water supply throughout the incubation phase. Embryonic and larval development: In the present study, the developmental stages were divided into embryonic and larval development. The embryonic stage occurs inside the chorion and ends in hatching. The larval stage is characterized by nutritive contribution of the yolk sac and the stage ends when the larva becomes capable of exogenous feeding. 24 h after collection, the unfertilized eggs turned whitish in color while the fertilized eggs were yellow in colour. The unfertilized eggs were removed carefully from the incubation tank. After that, the eggs were examined under a microscope to see whether the blastodisc had formed as an indication of successful fertilization. Twenty developing eggs were sampled at 12 h intervals until hatching and once a day until metamorphosis. Each sample was observed four times to identify the developmental stages. The diameters of the eggs were measured by using an ocular micrometer. The hatching of fertilized eggs was completed within 6-7 days. The total lengths of 20 randomly selected individual larvae were measured at each sampling time. The observation of egg and larvae were carried out and photographs were subsequently taken using a compound binocular microscope (BX51, Olympus) till the end of the larval period.

Source of Information: Trends in Fisheries Research Volume 4, Issue 2, 1-7 (2015) ISSN: 2319–474X (p); 2319–4758 (e)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The eggs were obtained through controlled breeding under captive condition. Fertilized eggs were adhesive, spherical and lacked oil globule in the yolk sphere with a diameter of 4.2 – 5.0 mm. At a temperature of 28-31°C, hatching was completed within 6-7 days of fertilization. The newly hatched larvae were 15 ±0.2 mm in length with large yolk-sac. The yolk-sac was completely absorbed by the larva 7-8 days after hatching. At the same time the digestive system became fully developed and the larvae searched for feeding.

Knowledge Management: Journal