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Efficacy and Economics of Herbicides Against Narrow and Broad-leaved Weeds of Wheat

A. Hossain
Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

M. A. S. Chowdhury
Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

P. K. Malaker
Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

M. S. N. Mandal
Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

M. A. Z. Sarker
Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur (25°38', 88°41' E and 38.20 meter above sea level), Bangladesh during the period from December 2008 to April 2009 to determine the effects of some selected herbicides on narrow and broad-leaved weeds, yields and yield components of wheal. The herbicides used were Affinity 50.7SWP @ 1.25kg ha^-1, Hammer 24 EC @ 100 ml ha^-1, 2, 4-D Amine @ 1200 ml ha^-1, U46 @ 1400 ml ha^-1, Lintur 70WG @ 100 g ha^-1. Weedy check and hand weeding were also included for comparison. All the herbicides were applied as post emergence at 30 days after sowing. Eighteen weed species belonging to II families were identified in the experimental field. Of these 6 species were under narrow-leaved and 12 species under broad- leaved group. The population of broad-leaved weeds dominated over the narrow-leaved species. The family Poaceae was major under narrow- leaved group, while Oxalidaceae, Ruhiaccac, Solanaceae and Chenopodiaceae were the predominant families under broad-leaved weeds. All herbicides provided with good control against broad-leaved. but not the narrow-leaved weeds except Lintur. Hammer and 2, 4-D Amine could not control narrow-leaved weeds at all. Among the herbicides, Affinity caused the highest weed mortality followed by Lintur, Hammer, U46 and 2, 4-D Amine. When weed control efficiency is considered, Lintur performed the best followed by Affinity, U46, Hammer and 2.4-0 Amine. Economic analysis revealed that Affinity gave the highest profit followed by Hammer and 2.4-0 Amine. Considering weed mortality, weed control efficiency and economic benefit, Affinity is the best. However. Hammer, 2.4-D Amine and U46 may also be recommended for weed control in wheat. Lintur was also found profitable, but may not be suggested because of its phytotoxic effect on wheat plants as symptomps of phytotoxicity observed on the foliage and spikes under field condition.

Keywords: Weed control efficacy, Economics of weed control, Herbicides, Weeds, Wheat

Location: Research Farm, Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-12-2008

End Date: 00-04-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To assess the effectiveness of some selected post-emergence herbicides and their economics in controlling narrow and broad leaved weeds in wheat.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in the Research Farm of Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Dinajpur, Bangladesh during during the period from December 2008 to April 2009 wheat season. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with 7 treatments each replicated 3 times. The treatments were weedy check, Affinity 50.75WP, Hammer 24EC, 2, 4-D Amine, U46, Lintur 70WG and Hand weeding. All the herbicides were applied as post emergence at 30 days after sowing when the crop was in the 5-6 leaf stage. Hand weeding was also done at 30 days after sowing. The herbicides were applied in aqueous suspension with the help of a knapsack sprayer. Seeds of a popular wheat variety Prodip (BARI gom24) were treated with Provax-20WP an effective seed treating fungicide consisting of Carboxin and Thiram. Sowing was done on 04 December 2008 in lines with 20cm spacing between rows. The seed rate was 140 kgha^-1. Recommended fertilizer doses of 100-27-40- 20-1 kg ha^-1of N-P-K-S-B respectively, were applied. Irrigations were applied at crown root initiation. booting and grain filling stages. Intercultural operations were done properly as per necessity. Data on weed density were recorded using 1 m x 1 m quadrate. Frequency of different weeds was determined and density of each species was calculated. Data on different weed species were recorded immediately before treatment (30 DAS) and at seven days after treatment (37 DAS). Weeds inside the quadrate measuring 1 m x 1 m were identified and counted. The weeds were then uprooted carefully. The uprooted weeds were washed thoroughly in clean water and dried first in the sun for two days and thereafter in an electric oven for 48 hours at 80°C. The weight of the dried samples was taken and the average data were expressed as weed dry weight (gm^-2). Data on % weed control efficiency (WCE) and % mortality were calculated. The weed species were identified in the field and laboratory through close observation of distinguishing characters and identifying keys. Data on plant population per m² of wheat were recorded at physiological maturity. The crop was harvested plot-wise at full maturity. The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately, tagged and taken to threshing floor. The sample plants were collected separately before harvest. Yield and yield attributes were recorded after harvesting the crop. Data were recorded on plant height (cm), number of spikes m^-2, number of grains spike^-1, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (tha^-1), straw yield (tha^-1) and harvest index (%). The data were subjected to statistical analysis, using the statistical package MSTAC. Analysis of variance was done and means differences were adjudged as per DMRT. Economic analysis was carried out on the basis of extra income obtained from increased grain and straw yield, and extra cost incurred for each treatment. The prevailing market prices of herbicides and crop produce were taken into account while calculating the input and output costs.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Weed Sci. 1(1): 73-81, June 2010; ISSN 2078 - 130X

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest weed mortality (both broad and narrow- leaved) was found under Affinity followed by hand weeding and the lowest was recorded under 2, 4-D Amine. On the other hand the highest weed control efficiency (both broad and narrow- leaved) was found with hand weeding, followed by Lintur and then Affinity, and the lowest was recorded with 2, 4-D Amine. The highest economic benefit of weed control was obtained from Affinity treated plot, which was followed by Hammer and 2, 4-D Amine. Based on weed mortality, control efficiency and economic analysis, it can be concluded that Affinity is the best choice for controlling weeds in wheat under the conditions of study area; however Hammer @ 100 ml ha^-1 or 2, 4-D Amine @ 1200 ml ha^-1 may be recommended for use in controlling weed infestation in wheat.

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