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Determination of Formaldehyde Content by Spectrophotometric Method in Some Fresh Water and Marine Fishes of Bangladesh

Niloy Jaman
Lecturer
Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

Hari Pada Seal
Professor
Department of Agrichemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2000, Bangladesh.

Md. Enamul Hoq
Chief Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Subhash Chandra Chakraborty
Professor
Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2000, Bangladesh.

Md. Sazedul Hoque
Assistant Professor
Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted for quantitative analysis of formaldehyde presence in some important freshwater and marine fish species by spectrophotometric method using Nash reagent in conjunction with TCA extraction. The freshwater fish rohu, Labeo rohita ; tilapia, Oreochromis nilotica; Thai koi, Anabas testudineus; kachki, Corica soborna; and marine fish loyitta, Harpodon nehereus; chhuri, Lepturacanthus savala from local markets and from freshly caught samples were evaluated for determination of formaldehyde concentration. Formaldehyde concentration obtained in fishes from three different wet markets of Mymensingh mechhua bazar was ranged between 1.4 and 7.35 μg/g. On the other hand, formaldehyde concentration in freshly caught fishes rohu, tilapia and Thai koi collected from ponds of Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh showed natural formaldehyde in their muscle having values of 1.45; 1.85 and 2.60 μg/g, respectively. The marine fish viz. loyitta and chhuri collected from the landing center of BFDC at Cox’s Bazar and investigation in frozen, thawed condition showed to contain naturally occurring formaldehyde as 3.9 and 1.55 μg/g, respectively. Spectrophotometrically determination of formaldehyde concentration showed highest value of 7.35 μg/g in market sample of kachki, and naturally occurring formaldehyde concentration showed higher value of 2.6 μg/g in Thai koi from freshwater and 3.9 μg/g in loyitta fish from marine source. The present study suggested that fish from wet market contained a certain amount of added formaldehyde and fishes from both freshwater and marine sources shows to contain natural occurring formaldehyde in their muscle at different concentration.

Keywords: Formaldehyde, Freshwater fish, Marine water fish, Spectrophotometer

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Marine fish

Objectives:

To determine formaldehyde content in some fresh water and marine fishes of Bangladesh

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Agri-Chemistry and Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Collection of fish sample: Fish samples were collected from different wet markets such as K.R. (Bangladesh Agricultural University) market, periurban market- Kewatkhali bazar, and Machua bazaar, Mymensingh town. Three types of fresh fish species namely Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita), tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) and Small Indigenous Species (SIS) kachki (Corica soborna) were collected from these markets. Collected fish was kept in iced condition in insulated ice box and carried to the laboratory for determination of formaldehyde. For other experiment, freshly caught rohu (Labeo rohita), tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) and climbing perch, Thai koi (Anabus testudineus) were collected from ponds of Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh. Marine fishes viz. bombay duck, loyitta (Harpodon nehereus) and ribbon fish, chhuri (Lepturacanthus savala) were collected from Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC) landing center of Cox’s Bazar. Immediate after collection the fishes were frozen and brought to the laboratory in insulated box which took about 12 hours journey. Then the fishes were kept frozen for about 2-3 days until the detection of formaldehyde was done. Chemicals and reagent used: Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (60 ml of 6%) was used for fish sample extraction purposes. Nash’s Reagent was used as an indicator to detect the absorbance of formaldehyde.Fifteen g ammonium acetate was diluted in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask with an addition of 0.3 ml of acetyl acetone and 0.2 ml of acetic acid. Nash’s Reagent is light sensitive and was kept in dark-glass reagent bottle at all time. A 0.1N potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 0.1N hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used to adjust the pH of the distillate to be in range of 6.0 to 6.5 by a pH meter. Standard curve establishment: The standard curve was obtained by plotting absorbance of known formaldehyde concentration (viz. 0.838, 1.68, 2.51, 3.35 and 5.03 ppm) from a stock solution of formaldehyde having 6.2% concentration. The different concentration of formaldehyde solution was added with Nash reagent to get the respective absorbance on spectrophotometer (using 415 nm). The molar concentration of the formaldehydesample ranged “between” 0.26 × 10^-4 to 1.56 × 10^-4.Sample preparation for determination of formaldehyde: The fish samples under verification were cut into small pieces. Then fish flesh was taken into blender for homogenization and blended for 10 minutes. Then a 60 ml of 6% tri-chloro-acetic acid was added for extraction of formaldehyde from the fish flesh. The extracted solution was then filtered by a Whatman No.1 of filter paper. Then pH of the solution was determined by a pH meter. Though the addition of tri-chloro-acetic acid reduced the pH value of the sample it was adjusted the pH between 6.00-7.00 of the sample by using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Then 5 ml of sample solution was taken in a 50 ml of volumetric flask. Then the sample was kept in a freeze (- 20⁰C) for 1 h. During analysis, the sample was taken out of the freeze and 2 ml of previously prepared Nash’s reagent was added as indicator. Fish sample was then heated in the water bath at 600 C for 30 minutes. The absorbance of the sample in cuvette was measured at 415 nm immediately by UV/v spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Triplicate of the absorbance was made for each sample and recorded for further calculation. The sample reading was placed in the standard curve for the calculation of formaldehyde content of the sample.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2015; 2(6): 94-98

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study revealed the presence of formaldehyde in market samples of rohu, tilapia and Kachki from 3 markets of Mymensingh Sadar with the different ranges of 1.4 μg/g to 7.35 μg/g. Based on the findings by different authors, the present situation of fish adulteration in wet markets is a fact which presently shows improving due to public awareness, government initiatives against formalin use in markets. Naturally occurred formaldehyde in marine fishes is an established fact. This experiments based on Nash test in conjunction with TCA extraction with freshly caught fishes like rohu, tilapia and Thai koi also showed the presence of naturally occurred formaldehyde with the range of 1.45 μg/g— 2.6 μg/g. However, the present study was and the estimation of formaldehyde was calculated in line with standard curve obtained from concentration of formaldehyde solution used for this study.

Knowledge Management: Journal