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Effects of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Survival in Fry of Gold Fish, Carassius Auratus (hamilton) in Outdoor Rearing System

Muhammad Ahsan Habib
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University.

Shib Nath Pattadar
Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University.

Md. Emranul Ahsan
Department of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Patuakhali Science and Technology University.

Md. Mokhlasur Rahman
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University.

Md. Rajib Sharker
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effect of feeding frequency on the growth performance and survival of gold fish Carassius auratus fry was investigated in the outdoor rearing condition. A total of 135 gold fish fry of 7 days old (initial weight = 0.17±0.00 g) were stocked at the rate of 15 fry/hapa (90×45×60 cm³) and reared for 35 days set in a pond adjacent to the Faculty of Fisheries. There were three treatments: T₁ (feeding once daily), T₂ (feeding twice daily) and T₃ (feeding thrice daily) each having three replications with same stocking densities. A commercial diet in powdered form (Mega feed; Spectra Hexa Feeds Ltd) containing 34.11% protein was supplied to the fry in each hapa. Initially, the fry were fed at a rate of 100% of their body weight, then the rate was minimized gradually to 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% respectively at 7 days interval. At the end of experiment, T₃ showed the best performance in case of final body weight, percent body weight, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival of gold fish fry in outdoor nursing condition. The present study suggested that a higher feeding frequency is needed for aquarium suitable gold fish production in large scale basis that will ultimately popularize the ornamental fish keeping among the enthusiastic people.

Keywords: Carassius auratus, Feeding Frequency, Growth performance, Hapa, Survival rate

Location: Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 18-03-2012

End Date: 22-04-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goldfish

Objectives:

1. To investigate the effect of feeding frequency on the growth performance and survival of gold fish Carassius auratus fry in the outdoor rearing condition.

Methodology:

Collection of broodfish and stocking: The C. auratus broods were collected from the Aquarium fish market, Kataban, Dhaka. Upon arrival at Backyard Hatchery Complex, adjacent to the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh acclimatized and kept in a cistern (1.23 m×2.44 m×0.46 m) for 25 days. Each cistern has its individual inlet (provided with gentle shower) and outlet (covered by net) which allowed the renewal and removal of water continuously and there were no recirculating systems for water renewal. Twenty experimental C. auratus fishes were 1 year aged having standard length 10.4±1.1 cm and weight 48.7±15.2 g while the male and female ratio was 1:1 and reared with the commercial feed provided (as granular form) twice daily, once in the early morning and next at afternoon (9:00 am and 6:00 pm) upto their apparent satiation level. Water hyacinth at the corner as suspended and two thin wooden plate (1.8 m×0.35 m) at the bottom (positioned by means of bricks) were kept in each cistern to keep the water cool and shelter for the fishes respectively. During the study, water temperature by using a celsius thermometer, pH by a portable digital pH meter (MICRO-TEMP, pH 500) and dissolved oxygen (DO) by a digital DO meter (multi 340 i/set, DO-5509; Germany) were recorded as 25.0±1.5 °C, 7.3±0.1 and 6.5±0.5 ppm respectively.Spontaneous spawning and fry collection ; A few number of fishes were checked periodically by gently pressing their abdomen to ascertain the ovulation and spermiation. After 25 days intensive feeding trial, all the females were found ovulated and the fish were kept in closed observation to monitor behavioral changes. They bred spontaneously in the cistern. Then fertilized eggs were collected from cistern by a a fine mesh net and placed in a 500 ml plastic beaker partially filled with water from the cistern. The fertilized eggs of C. auratus were transferred and spreaded homogeneously in 2 trays (101.6×40.6×12.7 cm³) and 2 mini circular bowl hatchery (30l) with gentle shower. After hatching, the number of hatchlings were carefully counted and reared for 10 days until stocking into the hapas in the pond. Experimental design for fry rearing: The experiment was carried out in nine rectangular hapas (90×45×60 cm³) of 1 mm meshed net with completely randomized design, subjected to treatments in a pond (1.5 decimals and depth 4.5 ft) using bamboo poles at backyard hatchery of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh for a period of 35 days (18 March to 22 April, 2012). There were three treatments namely T₁ (Feeding once daily), T₂ (Feeding twice daily) and T₃ (Feeding thrice daily) each having three replications with 15 fry/hapa stocking densities (initial fry weight = 0.17 g and length = 0.8 cm). A commercial feed (Mega feed; Spectra Hexa Feeds Ltd) containing 34.11% protein was used according to the body weight of fry in each hapa. The fry were initially fed at a rate of 100% of their body weight, the rate was minimized gradually to 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% at 7 days interval. The fed was applied daily once at 8.00 am for T₁, twice at 8.00 am and 12.30 pm for T₂ and thrice at 8.00 am, 12.30 pm and 5.00 pm for T₃. The experimental hapas were carefully cleaned at sampling dates. The water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia (NH₄+), nitrite (NO₂-), phosphate (PO₄), alkalinity (mg/l) were determined at 10 days interval throughout the experimental period by their respective test kits and temperature by celsius thermometer. A number of 5 fry from each hapa were taken randomly to record length (cm) and weight (mg) by using a measuring scale and digital electronic balance (METTLER PJ 3000) respectively every after 7 days during study period by means of scope net. Sampling was done before application of food to avoid the biasness of weight due to presence of excessive food. The fry were released in the respective hapas carefully so that any fry would not be injured. Further, the final mean length, weight, survival and specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) of fry were recorded at the time of harvesting. Statistical analysis: For statistical analysis of data, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Significant results were tested by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to identify significant difference among the means. The statistical data analysis was carried out with the aid of the computer software SPSS version 11.5.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2014; 1(4): 97-102

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A higher feeding frequency (3 meals/day) may be advantageous over feeding twice as well as feeding once in C. auratus fry rearing. However, other factors viz. water quality parameters, age and size of fish, species, rearing units and ration size can influence the growth performance that can be scrutinized by the frequency of diet application and warrant further investigation.

Knowledge Management: Journal