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Development of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Production Technique as an Alternate Fish Feed

K. M. Shakil Rana
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Ariful Islam
Scientific officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat-9300

Shaharior Hashem
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Salam
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aquaculture provides more than 60% animal protein for human consumption in Bangladesh. However, adulterated and low quality fish feed creates environmental hazards and reduces profitability of fish farming. An attempt made to overcome these problems through protein, fat and minerals containing non pest insect, Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) rearing technique to minimize feed cost, boost up fish production and tackle environmental hazards. The wild BSF attracted with rotten kitchen wastes, mustard oil cake and wheat to lay eggs which then hatched and larvae emerged. The average BSFL production was highest in rotten wheat followed by rotten vegetables and mustard oil cake, which were 185.98±57.41, 133.69±24.76 and 48.38±14.04 g/kg wastes, respectively. Newly hatched larvae consumed voraciously the putrescent wastes. Tilapia fry rearing trial commenced with formulated feed where fish meal replaced 0, 25, 50 and 100% with dehydrated BSFL in hapa as T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ treatments where T₁ used as control. Data interpretation showed that BSFL production fluctuated with the varying temperature and stopped at 15⁰C or less. The proximate composition of live BSFL found 62% moisture, 7% lipid, 16% protein, 3% ash, 3.2% crude fiber and 9% carbohydrate on live weight basis. Among the four treatments T3 performed the best followed by T₂, T₁ and T₄ respectively. The survival rate of tilapia fry was alike in all the treatments but fish productions were 28.16±0.27, 25.12±0.28, 21.52±0.32 and 21.25±0.20 tons/ha/90 days in T₃, T₂, T₁ and T₄ correspondingly. The feed conversion ratio was the least (1.70) with T₃ and the highest (2.26) with T₄. Further research need to be carried out to develop captive breeding of BSF for sustainable supply of BSFL for fish feed.

Keywords: Aquaculture, Alternative feed, Tilapia, High protein, Hapa

Location: Faculty of Fisheries (FoF) and residential area of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Tilapia

Objectives:

To provide preliminary data on the growth of tilapia fry using unprocessed dehydrated BSF larvae, feed prepared with varying range of BSF larvae to support dietary requirement of tilapia.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The experiment conducted near the Faculty of Fisheries (FoF) and residential area of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Considering the biological behavior of BSF a calm and quiet area selected to avoid the disturbance and setup the larvae collection device near the garbage, in the garden and even on the rooftop of four storied building. Six cemented bins with round lids prepared and placed in those sites. Each lid has several holes to allow BSF to get into the bin. A bunch of corrugated sheets of 2-3 inches long tied together and hang over the wastes inside the bin supported by bamboo splits for laying eggs as BSF do not lay eggs on the wastes. One third of each bin filled with rotten vegetables; wheat and mustard oil cake to attract BSF from the nature for laying eggs. A ladder like structure created inside the bin to facilitate self-harvest the pre-pupae. A pre-pupae collection pot placed with some saw dust outside the bin. Being attracted with the putrid odor from the rotting wastes, the female BSF enter into the bin and lay eggs in the corrugated sheets hanging over the wastes. The light cream colored larvae hatched out from the eggs within 4-5 days in optimum temperature (26-30⁰ C) and started feeding voraciously on the rotten wastes. After 21-28 days the larvae turned into pre-pupae and started to leave the bin by crawling through the ladder and self-harvested. A small house of 158 x 57 x 123 cm³ made with wood for captive breeding of BSF. The lower part of the house fenced with hard board and upper part with wire mesh net and the roof with wire mesh net and plastic sheet to prevent the house fly and rain water to get in. At the center of the house gradual slopes created to hold the rotten wastes for feeding newly emerged larvae. Initially harvested pre-pupae from the cemented bins kept in the house to become adult BSF, mating and laying eggs. Fish rearing with BSF larvae containing feed: Mono sex tilapia fry reared with BSF larvae containing feed, only dehydrated BSF larvae and feed with no BSF larvae as control. Three different types of feed prepared with 0, 25 and 50% replacement of fish meal with boiled and sun dried BSF larvae. The control feed prepared with fish meal, wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal, mustard oilcake, molasses and vitamin-mineral premix but no BSFL. Pearson’s technique followed to prepare BSF larvae based fish feed. Dry pellets prepared mixing the ingredients using an extruded pellet machine and sun dried. The pellet feed and sun dried BSF larvae stored in refrigerator at 4⁰c in air tight polythene bags prior to feeding the fish. The proximate composition of formulated. Hapa setting and stocking fish fry: The fish nursing trial conducted in three replications in hapas. Twelve hapa of 0.76 x 0.61 x 1.07 m³ prepared with nylon net. The hapa set in two different rows tied with bamboo poles in an experimental pond at the south-west corner of FoF, BAU and allocated randomly for T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ treatments. Before setting the hapa, pond prepared following the standard procedure and filled with underground water a week before prior to start the experiment. The pond water depth maintained around 1.22 m throughout the experimental period so that the hapas could be submerged 0.91 m under and 0.15 m above the surface of water all the time. Tilapia fry collected in oxygenated plastic bags from local hatchery called Sharnalata Agro Fisheries Ltd, Fulbaria, Mymensingh. The fry acclimatized with the pond water before releasing in the hapa and then fifty fry released in each hapa with initial length of 3.89±0.3 cm and weight of 0.91±0.2 g. At first the fry fed with 10% of their body weight for first 2 weeks and then reduced to 8% for next two weeks. After four weeks, the feed reduced to 5% of their body weight and continued till harvesting. The feeding adjusted in accordance with the standing biomass after each sampling. Fish Sampling and water quality measurement: Both the fish and water sampling carried out biweekly. Total length and weight of individual fish recorded using a wooden scale and an electronic compact balance and amount of feed adjusted according to the fish biomass in each hapa. Pond water quality such as temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH measured by using a hand held EZ-DO meter and Hanna pH checker. Pond sediment collected in three different depth and zones and dried in lab condition and analyzed in the Humboldt laboratory of soil-science Department, BAU. Data analysis: Collected data loaded in the computer for statistical analysis. ANOVA performed with the collected data. Comparison between treatment means carried out by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test to test the significance of variation between the treatment means. Standard error (SE) of the treatment means calculated from the residual mean square in the analysis of variance. All statistical analyses carried out by MS EXCEL 2000 version 7.0 and M-stat and outcome are presented in tabular and graphical forms.

Source of Information: International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture 2015; 5(1): 41-47

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study clearly demonstrated the potential of BSF larvae to supplement fish feed in rural Bangladesh. In this study, larval production was initiated with BSF that are available in the nature and rearing was initiated in natural environment as well as in the laboratory. Household wastes were used for BSF larvae production, suggesting that BSF larvae can easily be cultured in the backyard under natural condition and fed to the fish and poultry so that feed cost can substantially be reduced and profit margin increased. This can be a probable solution to the problem concerned with adulterated and expensive commercial feed. Apart from this financial benefit, kitchen wastes and animal manure which would otherwise be a nuisance to the environment can now be recycled into a potential source of protein for cultured fish.

Knowledge Management: Journal