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Ovarian Biology of Spotted Snakehead (channa Punctatus) from Natural Wetlands of Sylhet, Bangladesh

Hossain Mohammad Amzad
Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Hossain Mohammad Mosarof
Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Hassan Mohammed Masud
Noakhali Integrated Agro Industries Ltd, Noakhali, Bangladesh.

Islam Md. Jakiul
Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Iqbal Mohammed Mahbub
Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Rahman Md. Arifur
Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Marine Sabiha Sultana
Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Rabby Ahmad Fazley
Riverine Sub-Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Akter Mariya
Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Mian Sohel
Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A year round series of intensive investigations were carried out with the quest to comprehend the reproductive biology and ovarian development of spotted snakehead Channa punctatus, scooped up from wild habitat from December, 2012 to November, 2013. Biometrics and morphometrics like length-weight relationship, gonado-somatic index (GSI), hepato-somatic index (HSI) and absolute fecundity were estimated over the study period. Beyond these, gonadal histology was executed for better assessment of ovarian maturity. Length-weight relationship showed positive allometric relation and found to be strongly correlated (r²=0.912). On the other hand, positive linear relationship were also observed between fecundity and body weight (r²=0.771); and the oocytes number and weight of ovary (r²=0.834). An inverse relation was observed between GSI and HSI. Highest GSI was observed in July (5.64±1.24) and lowest in May (0.194±0.054). Whereas highest HSI were noted in January (1.65±0.46) and lowest in July (0.195±0.054). The estimated highest absolute fecundity (26294±416.74) were recorded in July, with an average value of (10353.7±797.62) over the year and large C. punctatus tend to have greater number of oocytes compare to smaller fishes. Histological observations of ovary stained with haematoxyline & eosin (H-E) revealed that early and developing stages of oocytes were mostly observed during the months of March to May, maturing in June to July, while mature oocytes during July to August. Presence of mature oocytes in ovary in July to August indicated mature phase of ovary ready to spawn. Higher GSI values during June to August with lower HSI and highest absolute fecundity (July) along with the observation of ovarian histology throughout the year summarizes that C. punctatus breeds during the months of July to August.

Keywords: Ovary, Fecundity, GSI, HSI, C. punctatus

Location: Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University.

Start Date: 00-12-2012

End Date: 00-11-2013

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To scrutinize the reproductive biology, ovarian development and estimation of the length-weight relationship, HIS, GSI along with gonadal histology for the better assessment of ovarian maturation status of C. punctatus.

Methodology:

Study period and site profile: The present study was conducted for a period of consecutive twelve (12) months starting from December, 2012 to November, 2013. Live, healthy, blameless, good quality specimens of C. punctatus were collected randomly from four (04) selected natural waters of greater Sylhet division namely Hakalkuki haor and Kushiara river (MaoliviBazar); Tanguar haor (Sunamgonj) and Surma river from Sylhet, Bangladesh. Fish Sampling and recording of length and weight: A total three hundred forty two (342) live C. punctatus were collected randomly on quarterly basis from above mentioned four sampling sites. After arriving to the laboratory of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, live C. punctatus were taken out from the container and washed with running tap water to remove filth and dirt, the adhered water was soaked up with tissue paper and left for 30 minutes at for complete removal of moist. Then total length (cm) were measured in centimeter scale and body weight (g), gonad, liver and intra-peritoneal fat weight (g) by precise digital electronic balance (OHAUS, Model CT 1200-S, USA). To sketch out the peak breeding season and gonadal cycle, C. punctatus were sacrificed and gonads and liver collected for gonado-somatic and hepato-somatic index study. Histological analysis followed the method to determine the ovarian development. Photographs were taken by using digital camera (Olympus Xcam-Alpha, Germany) and the distributions of oocytes were observed at X100 magnification. Collection of gonad and sex identification: The ventral sides of fishes were dissected longitudinally from the anus towards the lower jaw by using scissors and eviscerated. The gonads were removed; had their sex determined and weighed (g) and two or three transverse cuts were made, 4-5 (cm) each length section and preserved in Bouin’s fixatives. Assessment of morphometrics and biometrics of C. punctatus The assessment of the morphometrics and biometrics of C. punctatus i.e. Length-weight relationship, Gonado-somatic index (GSI), Hepato-somatic index (HSI), and Sex ratio in nature were made. Fecundity estimation: Mature C. punctatus were subjected to calculate absolute fecundity. Randomly sampled of C. punctatus were killed and after a longitudinal ventral incision, eviscerated and three sub-samples from middle, interior and posterior part of the ovary were placed in Gilson’s fluid and shaken periodically to loosen the oocytes. Absolute fecundity of C. punctatus were calculated according to gravimetric method. Total numbers of oocytes (N) in both ovaries were calculated. Statistical analysis: Data interpretation was done by using SPSS 17 (Chicago, USA) software performed to detect the significance differences (at 5% significance level).Regression, correlation coefficient of different variables were subjected to Pearson Chi square (χ²) test and the ovarian development were identified and classified.

Source of Information: Annals of Veterinary and Animal Science Vol. 1 No. 1, 65-76, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The experimental findings revealed that the length-weight relationship of C. punctatus exhibits the positive allometric relation (r² = 0.91) during the study period. The recorded highest absolute fecundity was found to be (26294±416.74) in the month of July. Higher GSI values during June to August with lower HSI (July), and lower GSI during the period from November to February with high HSI (January) suggested that the period starting from June to August with peak July to August may be considered as the spawning season of C. punctatus. Ovarian histological observation indicates that C. punctatus exhibit asynchronous nature of ovary and may spawn several times under favorable environmental condition. Therefore, manipulation of environmental parameter similar to the month of May to July in Bangladesh can be efficient for initiation of gonadal maturation and induced breeding of C. punctatus. Though further research should carried out in order to find out more detailed information on the reproductive biology of C. punctatus however, information of the present findings are hope to be helpful for the better management and conservation of C. punctatus of natural waters in Bangladesh.

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