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Water Use Efficiency of Boro Rice Cultivation in Pre-ploughed and Normal Land Preparation

H. R. Molla
Senior Scientific Officer
IWM Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701.

M. A. Sattar
Principal Scientific Officer
IWM Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701.

M. S. U. Talukder
Professor
Department of IWM, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted in 1996-97 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm, Gazipur, in clay loam soil during the Bora season to determine the water use efficiency of irrigated Boro rice cultivation in pre- ploughed land preparation practice over the farmers normal land preparation practice. Water use efficiency varied under different irrigation treatments with low values under the continuous standing water treatment. Similar trend in water use efficiency was obtained under both normal land preparation and pre- ploughed land preparation practices. Rice yields were higher in different irrigation treatments under pre- ploughed land preparation practice than that of normal land preparation practice. Yield was higher in the continuous standing water irrigation treatment, but it was not significantly different from 7cm standing water to saturation treatment. Therefore, standing to saturation water management is profitable considering yield and water use efficiency under pre- ploughed land preparation practice.

Keywords: Water, Boro rice cultivation, Land preparation

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1996

End Date: 00-00-1997

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water productivity

Objectives:

To determine the WUE of irrigated Boro rice cultivation in pre- ploughed and normal land preparation practices.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in split plot design (SPD) with the following irrigation treatments: I₁= continuous standing water (5-7 cm) I₂= irrigated with 7cm water to saturation I₃= irrigated with 7cm water to three days after disappearing the water. The plot size was 8 m x 3 m and each treatment had three replications. In treatment I₁, irrigation water was applied allowed to deplete 5cm before the next irrigation. In I₂, each time 7cm water was lied when standing water disappeared and in I₃, 7cm water was applied three days disappearing the standing water. Two methods of land preparation were In one method, land was kept fallow T. Aman harvest and was ploughed at time of the land preparation for Boro rice, is the farmers' conventional land preparation practice (L₁). In the other method, the land was opened by ploughing after T. Aman harvest. The final tilling operation was done at the time of preparing the land for Boro rice transplantation and is called pre- ploughed land preparation (L₂). All the irrigation treatments were applied in both the land preparation methods. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the combined effect of evaporation from the surface of the land and transpiration of water from the plant leaves. Potential evapotranspiration (PET), which is also called the reference crop ET, is the maximum rate at which water, if fully available, would be removed from the earth's surface and transpired by the plant expressed as the latent heat transfer per unit area or its equivalent depth of water per unit area. ET was determined from the U.S. Weather Bureau Class A pan evaporation data. The evaporation data were collected from the weather station of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), which is located about 600 m away from the experimental field. In this study, PET rate for rice was considered equal to the Class A pan evaporation rate . Rainfall records were also collected from the BRRI weather station. The Symon's rain gauge was used to record the rainfall. The rainfall was measured every day at 9:00 hours. In the paddy field, S&P losses were measured by using the water subsidence technique. In this method, water loss from a paddy field takes place as ET, surface drainage (DR) and S&P. If no water is added nor drained from the field, then the total water used due to ET plus S&P is given by the subsidence or loss of head of water on the paddy field surface. surface. For measuring the daily subsidence of water, an inclined meter stick with a slope of 5: I and supported by a wooden frame was placed in the field. This inclination provides a magnification of fall in water depth. In case of rainfall occurrence, it was adjusted with the measured water depth in the paddy field provided the rain did not result in overflow across the field levee. Six seepage meters were installed, one in each normal land preparation (L₁) and pre- ploughed land preparation (L₂) plots having different water management treatments (L₁, L₂ and L₃). The levees of the observation plots were maintained regularly to avoid surface inflow from or outflow to the adjoining plots (except when irrigation was practiced) and to avoid the effect of excessive biological activities such as those of rats and crabs. Water use efficiency is used as an index of field water utilization efficiency in the rice irrigation system.

Source of Information: Journal of the Institution of Engineers; Agricultural Engineering Division, Vol. 25/AE, No. 1, pp. 36-41, Dec. 1998

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Water use efficiency was similar in both pre- ploughed and normal land preparation practices during the Boro rice cultivation. But less water was required for land preparation in pre- ploughed land preparation practice. The highest WUE was observed in h treatment under both pre- ploughed and normal land preparation practices. Rice yields were higher under pre- ploughed land preparation practice in all the irrigation treatments than that of the normal land preparation practice. As there was not significant yield difference between the continuous standing water and the standing to saturation irrigation practices and WUE was higher in the latter than the former, the latter water management method under pre- ploughed land preparation practice should be adopted for higher yield and efficient utilization of water.

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