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Effect of Position on Fruit Survival in Soybean

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh H/P: 01715814316, email: razzaque_ahm@yahoo.com

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Flowering and pod set in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is a dynamic system in which pod survival may depend on when a pod is initiated and where it is located. Glasshouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of pod size and the timing of pod appearance on pod survival and reproductive failure. Large pods almost always survived until maturity and significant reproductive failure (22%) occurred only when pods marked late in the flowering period were exposed to 90% shade. Survival of small pods was reduced by shade (lowest survival was 0%) and the greatest reduction occurred when pods were marked late in flowering when there was a large reproductive sink. Reaching maximum length was the key event in pod survival and the chances of reaching maximum length depended upon when the pod was initiated and the assimilate supply.

Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merrill; pod position, Pod abortion; Shade; Assimilate supply

Location: Pot yard, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 22-12-2007

End Date: 24-03-2008

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

To determine the effect of the timing of individual flower and pod development and the stage of pod development (pod size) on reproductive failure in soybean.

Methodology:

Soybean plants (Shohag) were grown at pots in a glasshouse of Bangladesh Institute of nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. In Expt.1, full sized pods (maximum length, may or may not contain swelling seeds) and small pods (15 mm long) were marked at the base with different colored acrylic paint and then some plants were placed under black commercial shade cloth (80%) for 4, 8,12 and 16 days or until maturity. Pods were marked and shade applied early in the flowering period when the plant did not have many pods and later when the pod load was much larger. Only pods that were full sized or 15 mm long were marked (not all pods on the plant) for each treatment. The number of marked pods that survived (contained a developed seed) was determined at maturity. There were five replications (five pots) of each treatment in a completely randomized design. Two shade levels (60 and 90%) were used in Expt. 2 and shade treatments were initiated at growth stage R5.0 (beginning seed fill), R5.4 and R6.0 (Fehr and Caviness, 1977) with the latter treatments applied 4 and 10 days after the R5.0 treatment. Pods at four growth stages (maximum length containing swelling seeds, maximum length with no swelling seeds, 15 mm long, <15 mm long) were marked with different colors of acrylic paint and placed under shade cloth until maturity. All marked pods were counted and seed number determined at maturity. There were five replications (five pots) of each treatment in a completely randomized design. The number of marked pods in each category was always >2 per plant and often >5 per plant. The effect of timing of pod production on pod survival at phloem-isolated nodes was investigated. The main stem below node 8 (unifolioliate node was node 1) was heat girdled (Bruening and Egli, 1999) when the first flower at that node opened. The stem above node 8 was removed to create a one node–one leaf system that was isolated photosynthetically from the rest of the plant. Defoliation (66, 83, 91, and 95%) of the leaf at the girdled node in combination with shade (60%) were used to reduce assimilate supplies. Control plants (no defoliation) were not placed under the shade. Surviving pods were harvested by position (main raceme and sub-branches) at maturity. There were five replications (five pots) in a completely randomized design.

Source of Information: Proceedings of the symposium of LRGS food security, held at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia conducted during 12-13 June 2012, pp. 56-60.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Large pods almost always survived until maturity and significant reproductive failure (22%) occurred only when pods marked late in the flowering period were exposed to 90% shade. Survival of small pods was reduced by shade (lowest survival was 0%) and the greatest reduction occurred when pods were marked late in flowering when there was a large reproductive sink. These descriptions of timing, pod size and location effects on pod survival are needed to build realistic dynamic models of pod set in soybean.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings