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Studies on the Floral Biology of Mango Germplasm

M. K. Kamal
DAE
Khamarbari, Dhaka.

A. M. Farooque
Professor
Department of Horticulture, BAU, Mymensingh.

M. A. Rahim
Professor
Department of Horticulture, BAU, Mymensingh.

M. A. Haque
UGC Professor
Department of Horticulture, BAU, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation on floral biology of some mango germplasm was carried out at the BAU- Germplasm Centre (BAU-GPC) of Fruit Tree Improvement Project, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the flowering season of 2002 and 2003. Seven mango germplasm viz. Amrapali, Mallika, Hybrid-10, Mixed Special, Sindhu, Neelumbori and Gopalbhog of 5-6 years old plant were studied. A wide range of variations were observed among the germplasm in different characters. The earliest flowering occurred in Hybrid-10 and that of latest in the Mixed Special and Gopalbhog. The maximum flowering duration was recorded in Sindhu and minimum in Gopalbhog. The number of flowers per panicle was the highest in Amrapali and the lowest in Mallika. The number and per cent of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle was the highest in Amrapali and that of the lowest in Hybrid-10. The maximum anthesis takes place at 7.00 AM in all the germplasm. The highest number and per cent of anther dehisced in all germplasm at 11.00 AM except Neelumbori which attained to peak at 10.00 AM. Maximum number of flowering shoots per plant was recorded in Hybrid-10 and the minimum number was recorded in Mixed Special. The length and breadth of panicle was the highest in Mixed Special and the lowest in Neelumbori. Diameter of hermaphrodite flower was always greater than male flower. The shape of pollen varied with germplasm. The pollen of different germplasm were Spherical, Oval, Oblong-oval and Triangular in shape. The highest diameter of pollen grains was recorded at after dehiscence stage. The highest pollen germination was observed at 10% sucrose solution. The pollen viability was the highest at the date of dehiscence and gradually decreased onwards storage. Receptivity of stigma was the highest at the date of flower opening.

Keywords: Mango, Floral biology, Germplasm

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-12-2002

End Date: 00-12-2003

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mango

Objectives:

(i) To study the flowering behavior, and

(ii) To standardized the critical period of anthesis and dehiscence,

(iii) To study the pollens of mango and its behaviors.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted at the BAU- Germplasm Centre (BAU-GPC) of the Fruit Tree Improvement Project (FTIP), Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period of December 2002 and 2003. Single factor experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Single plant of each germplasm about five to six years old was considered as a replication. Mango germplasm viz. Amrapali, Mallika, Hybrid-10, Mixed Special, Sindhu, Neelumbori and Gopalbhog were considered as the experimental treatment. Ten (10) panicles from each plant were selected randomly all around the plants and tagged properly before floral bud appearance for the collection of data. The studied parameters were; flowering duration (Date of floral bud appearance, date and days to panicle emergence, date and days to first flower opening, date and days to 50% flowering, date and days to blooming period, duration of flowering from floral bud appearance to blooming period, duration of flowering from panicle emergence to blooming period, duration of flowering from first flower opening to blooming period), Length and breadth of panicle, No. of primary peduncles per panicle, Number and per cent of male, hermaphrodite and un-open flowers per panicle, Male to perfect flower ratio (sex ratio), Diameter of flower, Anthesis of flower and Dehiscence of anther, Nature of flowering shoots, Pollen shape & size, Receptivity of stigma. For the calculation of pollen viability pollen grains of different germplasm were stored in refrigerator maintaining 10 degree Celsius in a airtight bottle. Receptivity of stigma was studied by fruit setting method. Forty pistillate flowers were artificially pollinated every day in all germplasm. Receptivity of stigma was tested on the day of anthesis, 1 day after anthesis and 2 days after anthesis. Artificial pollination was done between 12:00 and 1:00 PM every day. Polythene covers were removed after 7 days of hand pollination and counting fruits. The fruit sizes 4 mm or more and green in color was considered to be the successful setting of fruits and expressed in percentage.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fruit Sci. & Tech. 2(1&2); 1-13 (2011)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Maximum number of flowering shoots per plant was recorded in Hybrid-10 and the minimum number was recorded in Mixed Special. The length and breadth of panicle was the highest in Mixed Special and the lowest in Neelumbori. Diameter of hermaphrodite flower was always greater than male flower. The shape of pollen varied with germplasm. The pollen of different germplasm were Spherical, Oval, Oblong-oval and Triangular in shape. The highest diameter of pollen grains was recorded at after dehiscence stage. The highest pollen germination was observed at 10% sucrose solution. The pollen viability was the highest at the date of dehiscence and gradually decreased onwards storage. Receptivity of stigma was the highest at the date of flower opening.

Knowledge Management: Journal