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Over-wintering Growth Performance of Mixed-sex and Mono-sex Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus in the Northeastern Bangladesh

Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddik
Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh,

Ashfaqun Nahar
Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh,

Md. Emranul Ahsan
Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh,

Ferdous Ahamed
Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh

Md. Yeamin Hossain
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to assess the over-wintering growth performance of mixed-sex and mono-sex male tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The experiment was carried out with two treatments each with three replicates for a period of 6 months from October, 2012 to March, 2013 in the Field Laboratory Complex, Bangladesh Agricultural University. In the first treatment (T1), mixed-sex tilapia was stocked in 3 ponds with a mean initial weight of 4.80±0.18 g. In the second treatment (T2), mono-sex male tilapia was stocked in another 3 ponds with a mean initial weight of 4.81±0.20 g. Fish were fed at the rate of 6% of fish body weight at the beginning of the experiments then the feeding rates were gradually reduced to 2% for the third month and finally increased to 3% for rest of the period. Water parameters in terms of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, alkalinity, ammonia and nitrite were within the range of fish farming. After 6 months of culture period mono-sex male tilapia attained a significantly (P<0.05) higher mean final weight and specific growth rate compared to that of mixed-sex tilapia. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference of food conversion ratio and survival rate (%) values between the treatments. The benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 1.17 and 1.43 for mixed-sex and mono-sex male tilapia, respectively. The results suggested that it is possible to successfully culture tilapia during the winter period in Bangladesh and the culture of mono-sex tilapia is more profitable due to its higher growth rate.

Keywords: Over-wintering, Growth performance, Water quality, Production, Economics

Location: Field Laboratory Complex, Bangladesh Agricultural University.

Start Date: 00-10-2012

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Tilapia

Objectives:

To compare the over-wintering growth performance and profitability of production of mixed-sex and mono-sex tilapia (O. niloticus) in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental location and design: The study was conducted in the Field Laboratory Complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh for a period of 6 months covering the whole winter season from October, 2012 to March, 2013. The experiment was carried out in two treatments each with three replicates. In the first treatment (T1) mixed-sex tilapia was stocked with a mean initial weight of 4.80±0.18 g and in the second treatment (T2) monosex male tilapia was stocked with a mean initial weight of 4.81±0.20 g. Experimental fish: About one month old fingerlings of mixed-sex tilapia were collected from Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh and the fingerlings of monosex male tilapia were collected from Reliance Aqua Farm, Trisal, Mymensingh. These fingerlings were brought to the Field Laboratory Complex, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh using plastic polythene bags. Rearing of tilapia in ponds: Six rectangular shaped experimental ponds each of 80 m2 with an average depth of 1.0 m were used for the study. All ponds were prepared by completely drying by draining out the water and then ponds were treated with lime at the rate of 250 kg/ha. After 7 days, the ponds were filled with water. Three of the ponds were used to rear mixed-sex tilapia and the other three for monosex male tilapia. Each pond in both treatments was stocked with 250 respective fingerlings of tilapia. Mean initial length and weight of fingerlings were measured at the time of release. The stocked fingerlings in both the treatments were fed with same commercial tilapia feed (starter II) purchased from Saudi-Bangla Fish Feed Industry, Bhaluka, Mymensingh. Fish were fed at the rate of 6% of fish body weight at the beginning. The feeding rate was gradually reduced to 2% for the third month and finally increased to 3% for rest of the period. The analyzed proximate composition of experimental feed was protein-30.80%, lipid-8.96%, crude fiber-9.25% and ash-15.25%. Sampling of fish: Fortnightly sampling of about 20% of stocked fish from each experimental pond was done by using a seine net. The sampling weight was used to adjust the feeding rate for the next fortnight. The weights of sampled fish were recorded by using an electronic balance (Model EF-1-3k). Water quality parameters: The water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and transparency in the experimental ponds were monitored fortnightly between 10.0 am and 11.0 am. The water temperature of each experimental pond was recorded using a Celsius thermometer at a depth of approximately 10-12 cm below the surface. The DO, pH and transparency of water were determined by DO meter (YSI, Model-58, USA), pH meter (Model-445, UK) and Secchi disc respectively. Alkalinity, ammonia and nitrite were determined. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of plankton: For the quantitative and qualitative study of phytoplankton and zooplankton of water, an integrated 10 liters of water samples was randomly collected from different sites of each pond and was passed through plankton net (mesh size 45 μm) and finally concentrated to 50 ml. Then concentrated samples was preserved in small plastic bottles with 5% formalin and studied subsequently. Plankton number was estimated using a Sedgewick-Rafter counting cell (S-R cell) under a Biological Microscope (PW-BK5000). 1 ml sub-sample of each stored sample was placed on the counting chamber of the S-R cell and then the plankton on 10 randomly selected fields of the chamber was counted under the binocular microscope (BMS D1-220A). Plankton was identified up to the family level and calculation of plankton was done. Growth parameters: The following equations were used to determine growth and feed utilization: Weight gain (g) = Final weight (g) - Initial weight (g); Specific growth rate (SGR) = [(ln final weight - ln initial weight)/Days of culture] × 100 Feed conversion ratio (FCR) = Feed intake (dry weight)/ Weight gain (wet weight) Survival (%) = [Final number of fish/Initial number of fish] × 100 Economic analysis of production A simple economic analysis was performed to estimate the profitability of mixed-sex and mono-sex male tilapia culture during winter season. The cost of different inputs and average selling price of fish were based on the Mymensingh whole sale market price (2012- 2013). The price of commercial feed was USD 0.5/kg. The selling price of mixed-sex and monosex tilapia was considered as USD 1.90/kg and 2.10/kg respectively. An additional 7.5% on total cost was included as operational cost. Data analysis: The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to identify the 5% level of significance of variance among the treatments.

Source of Information: Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 2014, 72, 165-177

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Achievement/Findings:

The results suggested that it is possible to successfully culture tilapia during the winter period in Bangladesh and the culture of mono-sex tilapia is more profitable due to its higher growth rate.

Knowledge Management: Journal