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Plankton Production in Relation to Water Quality Parameters in Lentic and Lotic Water Bodies During Postmonsoon Season in the Northwestern Bangladesh

Saleha Jasmine
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Md. Rakibul Islam
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Md. Mosaddequr Rahman
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mondol
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Md. Abu Sayed Jewel
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Zubia Masood
Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Md. Yeamin Hossain
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between plankton production and water quality parameters in lentic (two ponds: one with small area and another with large area) and lotic (Padma River) water bodies during post-monsoon season in the northwestern Bangladesh. Sampling was done fortnightly from September 2012 to November 2012. Results of the present study revealed significant difference in water transparency (Kruskal-Wallis test, P=0.523), dissolved oxygen (Kruskal- Wallis test, P = 0.049) and free carbon dioxide (Kruskal-wallis test, P = 0.091) among three investigated water bodies during post-monsoon season. However, there was no significant differences noted for water temperature (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.751), pH (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.172) and total alkalinity (Kruskal- Wallis test, P = 0.535) among the studied water bodies. Microscopic investigation suggested that, in the Padma River, Nauplius was the most dominant genus followed by Cyclops, Daphnia, Spirogyra, Chlorella, Microcystis, Navicula and Euglena. But in the small pond, Spirogyra was the most dominant genus followed by Nauplius, Daphnia, Cyclops, Chlorella, Microcystis, Navicula and Euglena, while both Daphnia and Nauplius were the most dominant genus followed by Spirogyra, Cyclops, Chlorella, Navicula, Microcystis and Euglena in the large pond. Although plankton production was not strongly correlated with temperature, transparency, pH and alkalinity in both Padma River and small pond but significant correlation was calculated among plankton production and dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide in these water bodies. However, in the large pond, plankton production was strongly correlated with transparency, dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide. The present study will provide an important basis to assess the fish production potentialities and to formulate sustainable aquaculture practices in man-made habitats and fishery management policies in the Padma River and nearby aquatic ecosystems.

Keywords: Plankton production, Water quality parameters, Lentic and lotic water bodies, Padma River

Location: Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-09-2012

End Date: 00-11-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To investigate different physico-chemical parameters
To examine the qualitative and quantitative abundance of plankton
To compare the relationship between plankton production and water quality parameters in lentic and lotic water bodies during post-monsoon season in the northwestern Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Study site: Present study was conducted in one lotic (Padma River, Dhorampur, Rajshahi) and two lentic (Ponds) water bodies of Rajshahi, northwestern Bangladesh during September 2012 to November 2012. The study ponds were located beside the agriculture faculty building, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Out of the two ponds, smaller one had an area of 1 decimal and average depth of 1.7 m while the larger one had an area of 50 decimal and average water depth of 1.5 m. Both the ponds were rain fed and devoid of inlet and outlet facilities. Sampling: The water samples were collected fortnightly during day time from each water body. For plankton study 10 liters of water sample from each water body was collected in plastic containers and passed through plankton net of 250m mesh size. Then the concentrated plankton samples were preserved in plastic vials with 5% formalin for subsequent studies in the laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Study of water quality parameters: Different physical and chemical parameters of the studied water bodies were investigated during this study. Physical parameters: Emphases were given on two important physical factors- water temperature and water transparency during the present study. Water temperature: A centigrade thermometer within the range of 0°C to 120°C was used to record the water temperature. The water temperatures of each water body were recorded at three depths (surface layer, mid layer and ground layer) by dipping the thermometer into the water. Three replications of each reading were taken and finally average value was recorded as water temperature. Water transparency: Water transparency was estimated by using secchi disk. Chemical parameters: During the present study, four key chemical factors namely hydrogen ion concentration (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (CO₂) and total alkalinity were studied in each water body. Hydrogen ion concentration (pH): The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration or pH of each water body was measured by a digital pH meter (Model- HI98107, made in Mauritius). Dissolved oxygen: The dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) of the collected water samples from three water bodies was determined in laboratory condition by the Winkler’s titration method. Reagents used in determining the dissolved oxygen were manganese sulfate (MnSO₄) solution, alkaline potassium iodide solution, concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.025N sodium thiosulfate solution and starch solution. Free carbon dioxide (CO₂): Free carbon dioxide (mg/l) was determined by titration of collected water samples with N/44 sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) using phenolphthalein indicator. Total alkalinity: Total alkalinity was recorded by the addition of carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity values available in pond water. Microscopic investigation: For the qualitative and quantitative study of plankton 1 ml of the concentrated plankton sample was taken by a dropper and then put on the S-R (Sedgewick-Rafter) counting cell. The S-R cell is a special type of slide having a counting chamber of 55 mm in length, 20 mm in wide and 1 mm depth. The volume of chamber is 1 ml. The counting chamber is equally divided into 1000 fields each having a volume of 0.001 ml. Finally the S-R counting cell was placed under a light microscope for plankton identification and counting. Qualitative and quantitative study of plankton: The qualitative study of plankton was done. Different groups of plankton were identified up to genus level. Priority was given to the genus Chlorella, Cyclops, aphnia, Euglena, Microcystis, Nauplius, Navicula and Spirogyra. The quantitative abundance of plankton was expressed as cells/1 of pond water using the formula given by Stirling (1985) N = (A*1000*C)/V*F*L, where, N is the number of plankton cells or unit per liter of original water, A is the total number of plankton counted, C is the volume of final concentrate of the sample in ml, V is the volume of a field, F is the number of the field counted, L is the volume of original water in liter. Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software. All statistical analyses were considered significant at 5% (P<0.05).

Source of Information: Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management. Vol. 2(9), pp. 270-276, September, 2013

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Achievement/Findings:

In the Padma River, Nauplius sp. was the most dominant genus where Spirogyra was dominant in small pond and Daphnia and Nauplius were dominant in case of large pond. However, though the plankton production was not strongly correlated with temperature, transparency, pH and alkalinity in both Padma River and small pond but significant correlation was found among plankton production and dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide. On the other hand, in case of the large pond, plankton production was strongly correlated with transparency, dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide. The present study will offer significant base to evaluate the fish production potentialities and to formulate sustainable aquaculture and fisheries management policies in the study area and nearby aquatic ecosystems.

Knowledge Management: Journal