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Induced Breeding, Embryonic and Larval Development of Comet Gold Fish (carassius Auratus) in Khulna, Bangladesh

Zakaria Mahmud
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Faysal Ahmed
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
Balaganj, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Joyanta Bir
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

S.M. Bazlur Rahaman
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was aimed to perform induced breeding and to observe embryonic and larval development stages of Comet gold fish (Carassius auratus) in mature males and females by administering hormone of double dose in female and a single dose in male by intramuscular injection of ovaprim at a dosage of 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.2 ml/kg body weight. Spawning was observed six hours after the injection at ambient temperature (18-22^oC). Fertilization rate of eggs were found 50.34, 51.47, 47.30 and 48.24 % respectively with the response of 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.2 ml/kg of ovaprim. Hatching rates were found 44.35, 43.79, 39.83 and 36.00 % respectively with the same doses. The fertilized eggs were adhesive, translucent and spherical in shape with diameter ranging between 0.9-1.0 mm and were whitish in color. The incubation period was 76±3 hours at an average water temperature range of 15- 20 ⁰C and all the eggs were hatched in approximately 90 hours after hatching. Samples were taken every 30 minutes interval till completion of morula and then every 1 hour interval up to hatching. The hatchlings were transparent and measured 1.3- 1.7 mm of total length with a large oval head, a well defined yolk sac and a short tail. Due to good response to synthetic hormone (ovaprim), considerable fertilization and hatching rate, short embryonic period and fast larval development it is possible to conduct breeding program of this species commercially and is suitable for commercial culture.

Keywords: Ovaprim, Fertilization rate, Embryonic development, Larval development.

Location: Fish Physiology Laboratory of Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology (FMRT) Discipline of Khulna University.

Start Date: 00-09-2009

End Date: 00-01-2010

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

1. To highlight some aspects of the early life history of comet gold fish (embryonic and larval stages) as well as induced breeding in context of Bangladeshi environment

2. To observe the influence of lowered water temperature (15- 20 ⁰C) on eggs hatching as well as on larval growth of comet as temperature is the main environmental factor governing the development of fish eggs.

Methodology:

Profile of the study area: The experiment was conducted in Fish Physiology Laboratory of Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology (FMRT) Discipline of Khulna University, Bangladesh. All preparation needed for induced breeding of ornamental fish were done in the laboratory. Aquarium set up, water supply facilities, working space etc were assured before the breeding program. The study period was from November 2009 to January 2010. Preparation of rearing and spawning tank: For induced breeding glass aquarium was used for both rearing and spawning of fish. Two large size glass aquaria (4×1.5×1.5ft) were made and 8 small size glass aquaria (1.5×1.0×1.0ft) of the laboratory were used. The aquarium was supported with filter, stone, continuous air-pump etc. The broods were conditioned in the large tank and after injecting the brood set were separated in the small tank. After fertilizing the fertilized eggs were also kept in the small tank. Experimental design: There were two broad parts of the activities in this experiment. The first part of the activity concerned with the collection of brood fish. The second part of the experiment was performed in the physiology laboratory of FMRT Discipline, Khulna University to carry out the induced breeding program, embryonic and larval stage development. Brood fish selection, collection and conditioning: Mature healthy comet gold fish brooders (31.37-72.90 g), were selected by sexual dimorphism for breeding experiments. The brood fish were selected on the basis of size and color pattern. Female is usually easier to spot, as the belly of a mature female is generally plump, whereas male remains streamlined and more torpedo shaped. When males are ready for spawning, they develop breeding tubercles on the head and pectoral fins, principally along the bones of the fin rays. These are used during breeding, when the male nudges the female with its head and fins to induce her to spawn. Eighteen pairs (24 male and 12 female) brood fishes were collected from the local aquarium fish market and from the aquarium fish market of Dhaka. To increase the diversity among the parents and to select healthy brood fish, it was collected from the diversified sources. Avoiding inbreeding problem was also a major objective of selection of brood fish from diversified sources. The brood fishes were carried to the laboratory within 30 minutes and kept in the aquarium (4×1.5×1.5 ft). The brood carrying pack was submerged into the aquarium water for 10 minutes. Then the brood were unpacked and released into the well aerated aquarium (D.O: 4.5-5.5 mg/L, pH: 7.2-7.4; temperature: 15-18⁰C). The brood was kept 3-5 days here before the breeding program. Induced breeding: The selected broods collected from the conditioning aquarium were kept on separate aquarium. Continuous air flow was provided in the tanks by aerator. The sex ratio of the spawners was kept at 2:1 for male and female. The breeding program was conducted by a synthetic hormone (Ovaprim) administration. The selected brood was weighted in the electric balance and then the hormone was administered. The breeding set was released into separate aquarium after the hormonal administration. Hormone dose optimization: For induced breeding synthetic hormone (Ovaprim) was injected to the spawners. The powdered Ovaprim preserved in vial was bought from the market. Then distilled water was added (10 ml) to the vial to dissolve it and mixed it very well. The supernatant solution of hormone was then taken for the injection. Female was given two doses and male was given a single dose of injection. Male was injected at the time of second dose given to the female. The doses used in the two different sexes. Stripping and fertilization: At first female was stripped and eggs were collected in a bowl. In the mean time respective male was stripped and collected milt was mixed well with previously collected eggs. For better result of fertilization physiological saline was used and mixed well with a clean and sterile feather. The inseminated eggs were then transferred in to incubation jar providing with continuous water flow. Fertilized eggs hatched in this condition. Determination of fertilization rate: After a certain period (1-2hrs) the eggs were examined to observe the fertilization rate. For this purpose 1cc of water sample from bottom of aquarium was taken in a Petri dish from the hatching tank and counted. Then the eggs were observed under a magnifying glass and fertilized eggs were counted with the help of a soft thin brush. The fertilized eggs were easily separated from the unfertilized eggs by the presence of transparent shell with gray/ black spot within the egg shell, while the unfertilized eggs were opaque. Determination of hatching rate: To determine hatching rate the samples were collected from the hatching tank and the total number of fertilized eggs in the sample and number of hatchling were counted by visual observations. Then hatching rate was determined. Embryonic and Larval stages observation: Samples of eggs before fertilization and at every 30-min interval were taken for further studies. In the present study, the developmental stages were divided into embryonic, larval and post larval development. The embryonic stage occurs inside the chorion and ends in hatching. The larval stage was characterized by nutritive contribution of the yolk sac and the stage ends when the larva becomes capable of exogenous feeding. The post larval stage begins immediately upon absorption of the yolk sac and was characterized by autonomous feeding. After, the yolk sac absorption, the larvae were fed boiled egg yolk twice daily with zooplankton (Artemia). Developmental time from post fertilization was rounded to the nearest minute until the morula stage and then to the nearest hour. The age of the larvae was denoted as hour after activation. Descriptions of the developing stages were made by examining live specimens under Electron microscope and microphotographs of the developmental stages of eggs and larvae were taken. For clear observation, individuals were temporarily stained with methylene blue. The specimens were measured by placing them over a slide having 1.0 mm graph paper at the bottom. Five to ten specimens were used to describe each stage.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) Vol. 2, No. 10(2), p. 28-38, 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that higher percentages of fertilization and hatching were achieved from a comparatively lower dosage of hormone. Steel plate for fertilization must be avoided because steel plate reduces the fertilization rate and creates spoilage of huge number of eggs. In this induced breeding process quality hormone should be used to ensure better production. Proper knowledge on the embryonic and larval development will help us to optimize the problem and led us to a sustainable management of comet. Further studies on embryological development of ornamental fishes will give an opportunity to learn their development stages in detail and this would be helpful for the commercial production of this elegant fish.

Knowledge Management: Journal