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Genetic Divergence in Bitter Gourd (momordica Charntia L.)

B.C. KUNDU
Senior Scientific Officer
Senior Scientific Officer, BARI Tuber Crops Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Joydebpur, Gazipur

M.M. HOSSAlN
Professor
Professor, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

M.A. KHALEQUE MIAN
Professor
Professor, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

l.H. MIAN
Professor
Professor, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The genetic divergence among 36 genotypes of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) was determined through PCA, PCO, CVA, Cluster analysis (CLSA) and Mohalanobis's D2 analysis. Through multivariate analysis based on 22 characters 36 genotypes were grouped into six distant clusters. Cluster VI includes maximum genotypes (12) followed by cluster I (6) and cluster II (6). Cluster V, cluster III and cluster I comprised 5, 4 and 3 genotypes respectively. The inter-cluster distances were higher than the intra-cluster distances. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between cluster III and IV (28.71) followed by the distance between cluster I and cluster IV (23.61). The intra-cluster distances in all the 6 clusters were more or less low indicating the closeness of genotypeswithin the same cluster. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster III (1.84) followed by the cluster I (1.38). The genotypes within the same clusters were collected from different places and genotypes collected in the same place fall in different cluster, which indicated that genetic divergence are not dependent on its geographical position from where the genotypes were collected. The genetic diversity of 36 genotypes was also assessed through PCA. The first three components accounted for 60.04% of the total variation. Days to first male flower opening, number of primary branches per vine, fruit yield per vine, days to green fruit maturity, seed weight per fruit mature seed width had the highest contribution towards the divergence. Cluster diagram exhibited that the genotypes include in the cluster III were far diverse from the genotypes of cluster IV while the genotypes belonging to the cluster II and VI were least diversed.

Keywords: D2 statistics, Cluster, Genetic divergence, Bitter gourd

Location: BSMRAU and the experimental farm of Lal Teer Seed Ltd., Gazipur

Start Date: 00-03-2005

End Date: 00-07-2005

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Bitter gourd

Objectives:

To analyze the genetic divergence of a number of bitter gourd genotypes for selecting parents of diverse group for further breeding programme.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm and laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) and the experimental farm of Lal Teer Seed Ltd., Gazipur during March to July, 2005. Thirty six genotypes of bitter gourd collected from different parts of Bangladesh as well as India, the Phillipines and AVRDC, Taiwan were used in this study. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications. The inter and intra-row spacing maintained were (2 X 1) m2. There were three pits per replication and one plant per pit on the raised bed, the pits were prepared and left open for one week prior to transplanting. Seedlings of 36 genotypes of bitter gourd were raised in trays containing a mixture of soil and well decomposed cowdung (1:1). Sowing date was March 03, 2005. Recommended doses and application methods of manure and fertilizers were applied in the experimental field (Anon. 2004). The healthy single seedlings of 30 days old were transplanted in the pits of the experimental field on April 03, 2005. Bamboo stick support was given to the growing plants and allowed them to creep on a rope nets. Necessary intercultural operations and irrigation were done during the crop period to ensure normal growth and development of the plants. Control measures were taken against red pumpkin beetle at seedling stage and fruit fly at fruiting stage (Anon. 1991). Observations were recorded for days to first male flower opening, node number of first male flower, days to first female flower opening, node number of first female flower, main vine length (em), number of primary branches per vine, nodes on main vine, number of fruits per vine, average single fruit weight (g), fruit yield per vine (kg), fruit length (em), fruit diameter (em), thickness of the fruit flesh (rnm), thickness of the rind (mm), days to green fruit maturity, days to seed fruit maturity, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit (g), 100-seed weight (g), mature seed length (mm), mature seed width (mm), mature seed thickness (mm). Genetic Diversity was studied following Mahalanobis's (1936) D2 statistics extended by Rao (1952). Clustering of genotypes was done according to Tocher's method (Rao 1964) and Principal component analysis (PCA), Principal coordinate analysis (PCa), Canonical vector analysis (CVA) were done by computer using GenStat 5.13 (Payne et al. 1993). The intra-cluster distances were computed by using the values of inter-genotype distance from distance matrix of pca according to Singh and Chaudhary (1985).

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 125-134, December 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under this investigation. Thus, it indicated considerable amount of genetic variability among 36 genotypes. Eigen values of 22 principal component axes and percentage of variation accounting for them obtained from the principal component analysis . The results revealed that the first axis largely accounted for the variation among the genotypes (34.85%) followed by second axis (15.05%). The first ten axes accounted for 92.83% of the total variation among the 22 characters describing in 36 bitter gourd genotypes while the former two accounted for 49.90%. Thirty six genotypes of bitter gourd were grouped into 6 clusters according to Tocher method by using distance matrix obtained from principal coordinate analysis (Rao 1952). The cluster VI enclosed the highest number (12) of genotypes. The second possessed six genotypes in I and II. The cluster IV contained three genotypes and occupied least position. The genotypes within the same cluster although formed specific cluster but were collected from different places. The clustering pattern of the genotypes revealed that the genotypes collected from the same place did not form a single cluster. This indicates that geographic diversity is not always related to genetic diversity. Similar results had been reported by Chowdhury (1988) in green gram, Rashid (2000) in pumpkin, Mannan (2000) in country bean and Banik (2003) in snake gourd. Shanmugam and Rangasmy (1982) reported that falling of materials of same origin into different clusters was an indication of broad genetic base of the genotypes belonging to that origin.

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