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Effect of Some Botanical Products on Rice Weevil, Sitophilus Oryzae L.

B. Roy
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Ahmad
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

R. Khatun
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

K. R. Das
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology and the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to determine the mortality and repellent effects of four botanical products viz. mahogany oil, mahogany cake, garlic tablets and allamanda tablets at different doses against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). The mahogany oil was tested at 1%, 2% and 3% concentrations where mahogany cake, garlic tablet and allamanda tablet were tested at 1g, 2g and 3g doses. The results on mortality test showed that all the treatments had significant mortality effects. But, in case of repellency effect the results from all the treatments were not significant. The garlic tablet showed more toxic and repellency effect than the others. The mortality percentage increased with the progress of time but the repellency rate decreased with the progress of time. Garlic tablet at the treated dose of 3g showed the highest mortality (73.33%) at 72 hours after treatment (HAT) and the highest repellency (66.67%) at 2 HAT, while the lowest mortality (3.33%) was found using the treated dose of 1g of allamanda tablet at 24 HAT and the lowest repellency percentage (6.67%) was observed by using 1g of allamanda tablet at 5 HAT. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) techniques indicated three unknown compounds were present in mahogany oil. Probably one or mixture of compounds might be responsible for mortality and repellency effects on rice weevil.

Keywords: Mahogany oil, Mahogany cake, Garlic tablet, Allamanda tablet, Mortality, Repellency, Sitophilus oryzae L.

Location: K.R. market of BAU campus.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insecticide

Objectives:

To assess direct toxicity and repellency effect of four plant products like mahogany oil, mahogany cake, garlic tablet and allamanda tablet against rice weevil.

Methodology:

Rearing of rice weevil was necessary to ensure continuous supply of the test insect during study. Initially, the insects with infested rice were collected from K.R. market of BAU campus. The test insect was maintained in rice grain in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology,Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh at 27-30⁰C temperature and 70-75% relative humidity. The insects were reared in the rectangular jars (14×10.5×30 cm). Each jar was set up with 100 pairs of male and female weevil. Rice grains were sterilized at 60⁰C for 30 minutes and then used for food for insects. The mouth of the jar was covered by cheese-cloths fastened with rubber bands to prevent contamination and insect escape. After allowing them for free oviposition for a period of 7 days, the adult insects were removed from each jar and the jars were put back into growth chamber for completing the generation of insects. One-day old adults were separated from the rice grains by sieving and transferred regularly into separate jars with rice grains. Jars along with insects were kept on the same place, temperature and relative humidity. Three to seven days old insects were used for the study. The oil and cake of mahogany were collected from the Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh. The products were provided from a project. The garlic and allamanda tablets were prepared at the Plant Pathology laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh. For the preparation of garlic tablets, the garlic cloves were separated from each garlic and washed in the clean water. Then these cloves were blended in the blender machine. From the blended materials tablets were prepared and kept in open air for drying for three days. For the preparation of allamanda tablets, leaves were washed in the clean water. Then these leaves were blended in the blender machine. From the blended materials tablets were prepared and kept in open air for drying for three days. The tablets were preserved in the air tied bottle. This experiment was done in the dept. of Agril. Chemistry, BAU, Mymensingh by developing thin layer chromatography (TLC) was developed to identify the compounds present in the mahogany oil using different polar and non-polar solvent systems such as chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol. The chromatographic plates were prepared by spreading a suspension of finely powdered silica gel for TLC on glass plates of suitable sizes (5×1×3 cm³). About 25g silica gel was thoroughly mixed with 100 ml of water in a beaker. This was then spread very thinly on clear glass plates with the help of a spreader for the preparation of TLC plates. The silica coated plates were then dried in an oven at 105±5ºC for about 12 hours before use. Freshly prepared plates were always used for TLC. A number of solvent chambers were prepared by solvents of low to high polarity and by some mixed solvents of expected polarities. For obtaining a chromatogram, a minute drop of mahogany oil in a suitable solvents (Chloroform and normal distilled water) was applied with a capillary tube along a bar line at the bottom of the plate. This was then developed in a TLC chamber containing selected solvent and mixed solvents. The sample gave coloured spots on the TLC plate in an ordinary condition. To locate colorless spots, the developed plates were further kept for sometimes in gaseous iodine chamber. TLC of oil using different solvents as fluent gave spots for different compounds present in the oil. Considering the R_f (Ratio of follow) values and the respective polarities of the fluent, the polar nature of the compound and its extent was ascertained. TLC of the oil was made using different solvents and mixed solvents. A number of spots were observed for different compounds. Their R_f values were determined.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. & Tech. 16 (1 &2): 75-80 (2012), ISSN 1029 - 8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The treatments had significant mortality effects. But, in case of repellency effect the results from all the treatments were not significant. The garlic tablet showed more toxic and repellency effect than the others. The mortality percentage increased with the progress of time but the repellency rate decreased with the progress of time. Garlic tablet at the treated dose of 3g showed the highest mortality (73.33%) at 72 hours after treatment (HAT) and the highest repellency (66.67%) at 2 HAT, while the lowest mortality (3.33%) was found using the treated dose of 1g of allamanda tablet at 24 HAT and the lowest repellency percentage (6.67%) was observed by using 1g of allamanda tablet at 5 HAT. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) techniques indicated three unknown compounds were present in mahogany oil. Probably one or mixture of compounds might be responsible for mortality and repellency effects on rice weevil.

Knowledge Management: Journal