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Evaluation of Rice Germplasm in the Drought Prone Rainfed Environment in Northwest Bangladesh

B Karmakar
SSO
BRRI Rajshahi.

MAR Sarkar
Professor
Dept. of Agronomy, BAU, Mymensingh.

SM Haefele
Senior Scientist
IRRI Philippines.

TL Aditya
CSO
Plant Breeding Division , BRRI Gazipur

MA Ali
CSO
Plant Pathology Division, BRRI Gazipur

MT Islam
PSO
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI Gazipur

MR Islam
CSO
Agricultural Economics Division, BRRI Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drought-prone rice is mostly grown in the northwestern part of Bangladesh where the irrigation potential is limited and the rainfall is erratic. Drought occurs in the wet season mainly at the beginning of the cropping season prior to transplanting of rice seedlings and at the reproductive phase. Soil moisture was low at the flowering stage in October, which can cause spikelet sterility especially in varieties susceptible to drought. Ground water levels were inaccessible to roots during flowering stage. Among the 23 entries, the highest grain yield was obtained by IR74371-70-1-1 (4.35 t ha^-1) and IR74371-54-1-1 (4.29 t ha^-1) under drought stress conditions. Yield of the mega/check varieties (farmers’ usual choice) was drastically reduced under drought stress. However, yield of all the genotypes was 1.0 to 2.5 t/ha higher in control conditions without drought stress. Growth duration of the two high yielding IR lines was much shorter (105 days) than in the existing long duration varieties (140 days). In general, growth duration was reduced 3-6 days under drought stress. Harvest index was reduced under drought in all genotypes. Spikelet sterility was significantly higher in mega/check varieties under drought stress, however, it was similar under control conditions. In farmers’ preference analysis, IR74371-70-1-1 and IR74371-54-1-1 obtained the highest preference. IR74371-70-1-1 showed the highest tolerance of drought stress, as evaluated with by the leaf rolling score. We successfully used Participatory Variety Selection experiments to evaluate and select improved drought tolerant rice germplasm for rainfed lowlands in northwest Bangladesh. In comparison with the mega/check varieties (BRRI dhan49 and Guti Swarna), yield of the selected lines (IR74371-70-1-1 and IR74371-54-1-1) was higher under drought stress but at par under control conditions.

Keywords: Rice germplasm, Drought, rainfed, Environment

Location: Edulpur Godagari Rajshahi and BRRI Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 31-12-2009

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the responses of rice genotypes in drought-prone rainfed environment

To select rice genotypes tolerant to drought stress.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in farmer’s field at Edulpur, Godagari, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during Aman 2009. Twenty three rice lines were evaluated through Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) trials in farmer’s fields and on-station during the wet season (WS) 2009. Twenty three-day-old seedlings were transplanted in 25 cm x 15 cm spacing at 3 seedlings hill^-1 on 06 August of 2009. Fertilizers containing N, P, K, S and Zn were applied at rates of 82, 15, 38, 10.6 and 2.7 kg ha^-1, respectively using urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulfate. Full amount of TSP, MOP, gypsum, zinc sulfate and urea were applied basally during the final land preparation. The remaining urea was top dressed in two equal splits at 20 days after transplanting (DAT) (tillering stage) and 40 DAT (panicle initiation stage) synchronized with rainfall or wet soil conditions because the experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions. Fertilizer and insecticide were applied uniformly. Drought sensitivity was monitored through scoring of leaf rolling. Soil moisture was measured at 20 cm depth twice in a week started from 25 DAT up to ripening stage. Ground water table was measured twice a week. Data recorded in the experiments were statistically analyzed following statistical software CropStat7.2. Means were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Proceedings of third International Rice Congress held at Hanoi, Vietnam on 8-12 November 2010, Abstract No. 4143.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on participatory variety selection (PVS) and preference analysis, the lines IR74371-70-1-1 and IR74371-54-1-1 have considerable potential to improve the livelihood of farmers in drought-prone rainfed environment. The genotype IR74371-70-1-1 already released by the National Seed Board as BRRI dhan56 as the first drought tolerant rice genotypes in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings