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Recent Progress on the Development of Drought Tolerant Rice Variety Under Rainfed Lowland Ecosystem in Bangladesh

TL Aditya
CSO
Plant Breeding Division, BRRI Gazipur

S Haefele
Senior Scientist
IRRI Philippines

HU Ahmed
CSO
PBD BRRI Gazipur

MR Islam
CSO
AED BRRI Gazipur

T Islam
PSO
IWMD BRRI Gazipur

S Parveen
SSO
Plant Physiology Division, BRRI Gazipur

B Karmakar
Senior Scientific Officer
ARD BRRI Gazipur

R Serraj
Senior Scientist
IRRI Philippines

A Raman
Scientist
IRRI India

A Kumar
Senior Scientist
IRRI Philippines

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In Bangladesh, approximately 4.2 million ha of rainfed rice lands are drought prone where rainfall distribution is sporadic and uneven. Seeding of this rainfed rice coincided with high rainfall at early July and the crop is harvested at the end of November to December depending on the degree of photo-period sensitivity. Because of their long growing period, flexibility of seeding time, seedling age and transplanting date have shown advantages but the crop suffers from drought at different growth stages which influence crop growth and yield. Recently, a large number of IRRI developed advanced breeding lines have been tested in the high Barind tracts of Bangladesh to select drought tolerant genotypes in the field based on grain yield as compared with non-stress condition. This study reviews the adaptation of rice varieties at drought prone areas and the progress of rice breeding for drought tolerance. The highest yield was obtained for genotype IR83377-B-B-93-3 (3.4 t/ha) followed by genotype IR83376-B-B-130-2 (3.3 t/ha). The highest yielding genotypes also showed their high potential yield capacity under normal field condition. During the flowering period in October, twenty rainless days were observed except 10 mm rainfall was occurred on 1^st week of October 2009. In AYT, some genotypes started flowering from last week of September and almost all genotypes completed flowering by 3^rd week of October. In AYT, the highest yield was found for genotype IR83614-879-B followed by IR83614-143-B with shorter growth duration and high harvest index under stress condition. Severe leaf rolling at reproductive stage was observed for some genotypes which indicated drought stress in the experimental field. At that period water table depth was below 80 cm from the surface and soil moisture was observed below 20%. Both OYT and AYT some genotypes showed yield reduction below 20% in stress condition as compared with control condition but yield reduction higher in respective checks. PVS trial received 15-20 rainless days during reproductive stage. In flowering stage water table depth was below 80 cm from ground indicated crop suffered severe drought stress. Thirty five farmers took part for voting at Godagari and Nachole However, the preference score showed the highest rank of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th positions respectively for the varieties IR74371-70-1-1, IR74371-54-1-1, Binadhan-7 and BR7873-5* (NIL)-51-HR6. The characteristics viz. high yield, earliness, high tillering, less disease and fine grains were recorded as preference points. According to farmer’s choice and researcher’s point of view drought tolerant breeding line IR74371-70-1-1 and near isogenic line BR7873 - 5* (NIL)-51-HR6 along with standard check Binadhan-7 were evaluated by National Seed Board of Bangladesh to be released as varieties for drought prone areas under rainfed lowland ecosystem.

Keywords: Breeding lines, Drought, Rainfed rice, Environment.

Location: Farmers field at Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj and Naogoan

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To select drought tolerant genotypes in the field based on grain yield as compared with non-stress condition.

Methodology:

Ninety genotypes for OYT, seventy two genotypes for AYT 100-120 days growth duration and forty eight genotypes for more than 120 days growth duration were seeded on 10-13 July, 2009. Thirty -day-old seedlings were transplanted on 10-14 August, 2009 in a 2.5 m - 4.0 m x 2 -6 rows plots with 25 cm x 15 cm spacing using single seedling for transplanting. The trials were set in alpha-lattice design with two replications. In all experiment local and international checks were used. Fertilizer doses were 80: 60: 40 kg NPK/ha with all amounts of P and K were applied at the time of land preparation. Nitrogen was applied in two equal splits at 20 and 45 Days after transplanting. Gypsum and Zinc sulphate @ 100 and 10 Kg/ha, respectively were applied during land preparation. Drought stress was initiated four weeks after transplanting through proper draining of water from the field up to maturity. Same set of genotypes along with checks with same seedling age were grown under non-stress condition. Experimental design, plot size, spacing, crop management, fertilizer dozes and application of fertilizers were same as stress field condition except standing water was retained in the field from transplanting up to two weeks after flowering. Participatory variety selection (PVS) was conducted as “Mother and Baby trial” system model. PVS trial composed of 12 genotypes including standard checks. The unit plot size was 5.1 m x 20 rows 25 cm x 15 cm spacing. Crop management, fertilizer dozes and application of fertilizers were same as other breeding trials. At maturity of the crop farmers were invited to select the genotypes by their own judgments.

Source of Information: Proceedings of the 3rd International Rice Congress held at Hanoi,Vietnam on 8-12 Nov 2010, Abstract sequence# 3889.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It would be concluded that IR74371-70-1-1 (4.5 t/ha) could be grown in drought prone environments in high barind tracts of Northern regions of Bangladesh. BR7873 - 5* (NIL)-51-HR6 (4.0 t/ha) was 10-15 days earlier than standard checks Bindhan-7 and BRRI dhan33, respectively. Therefore these breeding lines could be able to escape terminal drought.. These lines could also be used as parent material to further development of drought tolerant rice varieties.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings