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Selection of Groundnut Lines for Genetic Diversity and High Yield Performance

S. K. Debsharma
Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

U. K. Nath
Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A. K. Azad
SSO
Genetic and Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclular Agriculture, Mymensingh

M. J. Alam
M. S. Student
Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

K. P. B. Das
M.S. Student
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the experiment field of the Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, during December 2010 to June 2011 with 20 genotypes of groundnut.. Variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance in percentage of mean, path co-efficient analysis were studied for days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, plant height, no. of primary branches plant-1, no. of mature pods plant-1, no. of immature pods plant-1, pod weight plant-1,100-pod weight, seed number pod-1 and yield per m2. Considering all the positive attributes the genotype GC(1)-31-1, GC(1)-32-3-3, Dacca-1, GC(1)-31-2, GC(1)-32-1-1, GC(1)-32-2-1 and Zhingabadam were found as better performing genotypes. Number of immature pods per plant showed the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. Most of the characters showed the narrow range of differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation that indicated the insignificant environmental influences on these traits. Most of the characters were highly heritable except 50% flowering. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in 100-pod weight and yield/m2. In path coefficient analysis, it was observed that number of seeds per pod had the maximum positive direct effect on pod yield. Genetic diversity analyses of 20 groundnut genotypes five clusters were formed out of which clusters II were the largest comprising of 7 genotypes. From assessment of contribution of each characters number of immature pods per plant was found with maximum contribution towards genetic diversity.

Keywords: Genetic divergence, seed quality and Yield, Groundnut.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-12-2010

End Date: 30-06-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To find out and establish suitable selection criteria for higher pod yield through variability, correlations and diversity analysis.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted at the BINA Farm of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensingh to study high yield related characters of groundnut. Geographically the experimental site was located at 24°46'N latitude and 90°24' longitude at an altitude of 18.29 in above the sea level and belonging to Non-calcareous dark gray floodplain soil under the Sonatola Soil Series of the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain which falls in Agro-ecological Zone 9. There was low temperature during seed sowing with shorter day length. As the season proceeds, the temperature form February started increasing along with day length. There was no rainfall during November to January months and was high rainfall during the month of April and May. The experiment was conducted with 20 genotypes. The genotypes used in the study and their sources are listed: GC(1)-35-1, GC(1)-31-1, GC(1)-31-2, GC(1)-24-2, GC(1)-24-1-1, GC(1)-4, GC(1)-3-2-2, GC(1)-3-2-1, GC(1)-24-2-1, GC(1)-32-3-3, GC(1)-32-3-2-1, GC(1)-32-1-1, GC(1)-32-2, GC(1)-39-1-1, GC(1)-39-1, GC(2)-3, GC(1)-32-2-1 and GC(1)-32-3-1 are collected from BINA, Bangladesh and Zhingabadam and Dacca-1 are collected from BARI, Bangladesh. The experimental plot was prepared by several ploughing and cross ploughing followed by laddering and harrowing with power tiller to bring about good tilth. Weeds and other stubbles were removed carefully from the experimental plot and leveled properly. Fertilizers such as urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MP) and gypsum were applied. Urea 50kg/ha (in two equal splits) was applied by two installments. Total amount of TSP180kg/ha and MP 100kg/ha along with half of the urea were applied at the time of final land preparation as a basal dose. The second half of the urea was applied after second irrigation at 85 days after sowing. Gypsum 120 kg/ha (in two equal splits) was applied as top dress at active pegging stage at 70 days after sowing followed by earthlings up. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The total number of unit plots was 60. The net size of each unit plot was 2.1m x 1.05m. The distance between rows was 30 cm and plants were 15 cm for proper growth and development of plantsDue to the variation in maturity period, harvesting date also varied from genotype to genotype. Harvesting was done from last week of May to 2nd week of June 2011. Days to 50% flowering, daily flowers per plant and other data were recorded from 10 plants, which were selected randomly from the middle two rows of four-row plot to avoid border effect for the collection of data. The selected plants were tag-marked.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. & Tech. 15 (1 &2): 173-180 (2011), ISSN 1029 - 8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The experiment was conducted with 20 different groundnut genotypes in the field during December 2010 to June 2011. The variability among the genotypes, heritability, genetic advance, genetic diversity, correlation coefficients among different important yield contributing characters and also direct and indirect effect of yield contributing characters to the yield were estimated. . Number of immature pods per plant showed the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. Most of the characters showed the narrow range of differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation that indicated the insignificant environmental influences on these traits. Most of the characters were highly heritable except 50% flowering. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in 100-pod weight and yield/m2. In path coefficient analysis, it was observed that number of seeds per pod had the maximum positive direct effect on pod yield. Genetic diversity analyses of 20 groundnut genotypes five clusters were formed out of which clusters II were the largest comprising of 7 genotypes. From assessment of contribution of each characters number of immature pods per plant was found with maximum contribution towards genetic diversity.

Knowledge Management: Journal