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Effect of Bacterial Inoculum for Induction of Bacterial Leaf Blight Resistance in Rice

M. M. Ahammad
Graduate Student
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Md. Jalaluddin
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202.

Ismail Hossain
Professor
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Md. Ibrahim Khalil
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Erwinia sp. and Phylloplane bacteria were assessed and compared with rice leaf clipping and without leaf clipping practices for induction of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance and yield in two rice cultivars, Binasail and Binadhan-4. The rice seedling or plants pre-inoculated with bacterial inocula at seedling, early tillering and maximum tillering stages along with or without leaf clipping plants were finally inoculated with X. oryzae pv. oryzae at maximum tillering or at flag leaf stages of crop growth. The results revealed that all the tested bacterial inocula and rice leaf clipping practice significantly induced BLB resistance and reduced the severity of the disease in both the rice cultivars. The highest grain yield was obtained in plants where leaf clipping was done at early or maximum tillering stages of plant growth. The plants pre-inoculated with BLB pathogen Xoo, Erwinia sp. and Phylloplane bacteria reduced grain yields of rice which need further study using more bacterial inocula and rice cultivars.

Keywords: Bacterial inoculum, Induction, BLB, Resistance, Rice

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh,

Start Date: 01-07-2004

End Date: 01-12-2004

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To determine the level of resistance to bacterial leaf blight of rice induced by some bacterial inocula in order to develop the bacterial vaccine or for identify practices that may control the disease, and
To assess the potential of some bacterial inocula on rice growth, yield and yield components.

Methodology:

Pot experiment:

The experiment was carried out at the BINA pot yard, Mymensingh, during aman season of 2004. Pot soil was prepared by mixing sandy loam soil and decomposed cow dung at the ratio 4:1. Each plastic pot (25 cm diameter) was filled with 10 kg formalin treated soil. Two high yielding rice cultivars Binasail and Binadhan-4 were selected for this study. The pots were arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Required amount of fertilizers were applied in each pot. Three weeks old seedlings were inoculated with bacterial inocula or clipped with sterile scissors. Some seedlings were not inoculated or clipped for using as control. Twenty-nine-days old seedlings were transplanted in the pots on 15 August using 2 seedlings hill^-1 and three hills were maintained in each pot. Weeding and irrigation were done when necessary. The plants were re-inoculated at tillering stage with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the lesions induced on the inoculated leaves were measured two weeks after inoculation.

Field experiment: The experiment was carried out at the BINA farm Mymensingh, during aman season of 2004. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The rice cultivars (Binadhan-4 and Binasail) were tested in main plots and the inocula were tested in sub-plots of size 1.5m x 0.5m each. There were five treatments- i) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ii) Erwinia sp. iii) Phylloplane bacteria (unknown), iv) Control (with leaf clipping) and v) Control (without leaf clipping). The fertilizers, Urea, TSP, MP, Gypsum and Zinc sulphate were applied @ 180, 100, 70, 60 and 10 kg ha^-1, respectively. Required amount of TSP, MP, Gypsum and Zinc sulphate were applied at the time of final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting. Thirty-one-day old two seedlings per hill were transplanted with spacing 25 cm in between rows and 15 cm in between plants on 14 August 2004. Weeding and irrigation were done whenever necessary. The pure culture of inoculum of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, Erwinia sp. and phylloplane bacteria (unknown species) were grown on PSA medium. The inoculation of leaves (30 hills per plot) was done by clipping method (Kauffman et al., 1973) at early tillering and maximum tillering stages with the inocula of the bacterial suspension. The concentration of the bacterial cells in the suspension was adjusted to 10⁸ CFU ml^-1. Leaves of the plants in one set of control plot were clipped with sterile scissors without inoculum and plants of other set of control plots were left uninoculated. Finally the flag leaves of the plants in each category of the treated plots were re-inoculated with the freshly prepared X. oryzae pv. oryzae . The severity of the disease was assessed after two weeks of inoculation through measuring the length of lesions induced on inoculated plants. Finally the crop was harvested and each plot were harvested separately and grain yield was recorded from these selected plants. The data on various characters were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance.

Source of Information: Journal Bangladesh Aril. Univ. 5(1): 17-23 (2007).

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The bacterial inoculum Erwinia sp. and the isolate of Phylloplane bacteria had less deleterious effects on rice growth and yield than that of X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The leaves of the rice plants clipped early or maximum tillering stages also acquired resistance against the Xoo and increased plant height, panicle lengths and subsequently increased gain yields.

Knowledge Management: Journal