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Efficacy of Combined Formulations of Fungicides with Different Modes of Action in Controlling Botrytis Gray Mold Disease in Chickpea

M H Rashid
PSO
RARS, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rahmatpur, Barisal, Bangladesh

M. Ashraf Hossain
Principal Scientific Officer
Pulse Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Dr. M. A. Kashem
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Shiv Kumar
International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria

M. Y. Raffi
Institute of Trophical Agriculture, University Purta Malaysia

M. A. Latif
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Botrytis gray mold (BGM) caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Fr. is an extremely devastating disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and has a regional as well as international perspective. Unfortunately, non-chemical methods for its control are weak and ineffective. In order to identify an effective control measure, six fungicides with different modes of action were evaluated on a BGM susceptible chickpea variety BARIchhola-1 at a high BGM incidence location (Madaripur) in Bangladesh for three years (2008, 2009 and 2010). Among the six fungicides tested, one was protectant (Vondozeb 42SC, a.i. Mancozeb, (0.2%), two systemic (Bavistin 50WP, a.i. Carbendazim, (0.2%); Protaf 250EC, Propiconazole, (0.05%) and three combination formulations (Acrobat MZ690, Dimethomorph 9% + Mancozeb 60%, (0.2%); Secure 600WG, Phenomadone + Mancozeb, (0.2%); Companion, Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12%, (0.2%). The results showed superiority of combination formulations involving both protectant and systemic fungicides over the sole application of either fungicide separately. Among the combination fungicides, Companion was most effective, resulting the lowest disease severity (3.33 score on 1-9 scale) and the highest increase (38%) of grain yield in chickpea. Therefore, this product could be preferred over the sole application of either solo protectant or systemic fungicides to reduce yield losses and avoid fungicide resistance.

Keywords: Efficacy, Combined formulation, Fungicides, Control, Botrytis gray mold, Chickpea

Location: RARS, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rahmatpur, Barisal, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

To assess the efficacy of co-formulation in comparison to solo applications of protectant or systemic fungicides separately in controlling BGM disease in chickpea.

Methodology:

Field experiments were conducted at the Pulse Research Sub-Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (Madaripur) Bangladesh in the post-rainy season of three consecutive years (2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10). The experimental site is a known high incidence area for BGM disease in Bangladesh due to the environmental conditions prevalent during the crop season, relative humidity such as high (?70%) and optimum air temperature (20-28^oC) (Bakr and Ahmed, 1992). The experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replications. A BGM susceptible variety BARIchhola-1 was planted in rows spaced 40 cm apart in 12 m² (4 m x 3 m) plots. Six commercially available fungicides representing different modes of action, including systemic [Bavistin 50WP (Carbendazim – BASF Bangladesh Ltd) and Protaf 250EC (Propiconazole – Auto Crop Care Ltd)], and protectant [Vondozeb 42SC (Mancozeb – Naafco Pvt Ltd)] and combination formulations [Acrobet MZ690 (Dimethomorph 9% + Mancozeb 60% – BASF Bangladesh Ltd), Secure 600WG (Phenomadone + Mancozeb – Bayer Crop Science Ltd) and Companion (Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12% – Auto Crop Care Ltd)] were tested along with a non-treated control plot. These fungicides were applied as a foliar spray before the onset of the disease @ 0.2% except for Protaf 250 EC at 0.5%. Insecticide applications were done as necessary. Insecticide Karate (0.2%) was applied to protect the crop from the infestation of Helicoverpa pod borer. BGM occurred naturally and assessments were made three times; at 50% flowering stage, 10 days thereafter and at 100% flowering stage. Disease assessment was based on a 1-9 scale (Pande et al., 2006). In addition, assessments of plant height (cm), number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 100-seed weight (g) were recorded on 10 randomly selected plants from each plot. Grain yield (kg/ha) was estimated based on the yield harvested from the whole plot. The non-treated control plot was used for comparing the relative performance of the treatments. Treatment means were separated by Fisher’s Protected LSD at 0.05 probability level.

Source of Information: The scientific world journal vol. 2014, Article ID 639246. 6 pages

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the six fungicides tested, one was protectant (Vondozeb 42SC, a.i. Mancozeb, (0.2%), two systemic (Bavistin 50WP, a.i. Carbendazim, (0.2%); Protaf 250EC, Propiconazole, (0.05%) and three combination formulations (Acrobat MZ690, Dimethomorph 9% + Mancozeb 60%, (0.2%); Secure 600WG, Phenomadone + Mancozeb, (0.2%); Companion, Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12%, (0.2%). The results showed superiority of combination formulations involving both protectant and systemic fungicides over the sole application of either fungicide separately. Among the combination fungicides, Companion was most effective, resulting the lowest disease severity (3.33 score on 1-9 scale) and the highest increase (38%) of grain yield in chickpea. Therefore, this product could be preferred over the sole application of either solo protectant or systemic fungicides to reduce yield losses and avoid fungicide resistance.

Knowledge Management: Journal