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Priming of Delayed Harvest Soybean Seeds

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of seed priming with PEG (0, -0.8, -1.1 and -1.8 MPa), chitosan (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%) and (NH₄)₂SO₄(0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) were evaluated on soybean seeds harvested at harvest maturity (H₁) and two delayed harvest dates (H₂ and H₃). PEG and chitosan priming resulted in better germination percentage, germination index, seedling vigor index and increased seedling growth for delayed harvest soybean seeds. Chitosan was the most effective priming treatment to increase germination of delayed harvest seeds. Priming with 0.5% chitosan resulted in maximum seed germination and slightly reduced mean germination time. Osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa PEG was found to be the best osmopriming concentration to improve germination and seedling establishment of delayed harvest soybean seeds. Pretreating with (NH₄)₂SO₄had no significant effect on delayed harvest seeds although it could slightly improve germination of H₁ seeds. Higher concentration of (NH₄)₂SO₄caused detrimental effects to seed quality by reducing seed germination percentage for all harvest dates. This study suggests that seed priming with chitosan will improve final percentage germination and seedling performance of delayed harvest seeds.

Keywords: Delayed harvest, Seed priming, Seed quality, Soybean seeds

Location: Research farm, BINA, Mymensingh & Rangpur

Start Date: 11-03-2003

End Date: 30-06-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

To determine the effects of seed priming methods using polyethylene glycol, chitosan and (NH₄)₂ SO₄ on seed germination and seedling performance of delayed harvest soybean seeds.

Methodology:

The seeds of soybean cv. Sohag, were sown in the field at Research Farm, BINA, Mymensingh from March to June 2003. Standard plant management procedures for soybean culture were followed. Seeds were harvested at 85% brown pod stage (H₁) which was at harvest maturity, 1 week after H1 (H₂) and 2 weeks after H₁ (H₃). Standard germination test was done according to the procedures described by ISTA (1999). Electrical conductivity of seed leachates was performed on 25 seeds obtained from each plot with conductivity meter. Soybean seeds harvested at three harvest stages were used for priming. The treatments were arranged as two factors factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 of 0, -0.8, -1.1 and -1.8 MPa concentrations were used. The seeds were slowly hydrated with PEG treatment for the first 1 ½ hours by imbibing seeds with 25 mL of respective PEG concentration in conical flask. The next 4 ½ hours, the seeds were then fully imbibed in 50 mL at 25ºC. For chitosan (deacetylated chitin) priming, the concentrations used were 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 % chitosan (w/v). For ammonium sulphate (NH₄)₂SO₄, priming concentrations used were 0 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/v). The procedures for imbibing the seeds during priming for chitosan and ammonium sulphate were similar to PEG, except the duration of priming was 24 hours. After priming the seeds were rinsed three times with distilled water and dried at room temperature to reach initial moisture content of 10-12%. The seeds soaking with deionized water were used as the control. Germination test, speed of germination, germination index, seed vigour index of primed seeds was done as described in initial seed quality test. The collected data were analyzed statistically.

Source of Information: A proceedings on Sustainable Agriculture conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur during 05-06 July 2000, Sponsored by DANIDA and DAE, pp. 23-70.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Harvest delay reduces the quality of soybean seeds but the rate of deterioration can vary greatly depending on the varieties. Soybean seeds harvested at harvest maturity was improved by all seed priming treatments with PEG, chitosan and (NH₄)₂SO₄. PEG and chitosan priming not only improve seed quality but also enhance seedling performance of delayed harvest soybean seeds. For seed quality improvement with osmopriming, PEG concentration of -0.8 MPa to -1.1 MPa is recommended. Generally, chitosan shows better response to germination of soybean seeds harvested at different dates than PEG and (NH₄)₂SO₄. The concentration of 0.5% chitosan is the most effective to improve the quality of delayed harvest soybean seeds. The higher concentrations of PEG and chitosan should be avoided for soybean seed quality improvement of delayed harvest seeds, and (NH₄)₂SO₄may be detrimental to the imbibing seeds, thus not suitable for priming.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings