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Environmentally Sustainable Control Measure of Argulus in Freshwater Ponds in Bangladesh

M. M. PARVEZ
Sea Resources Group, CPA Complex, Chittagong

M. A. B. BHUYAIN
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong

A. M. SHAHABUDDIN
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A. R. FARQUE
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A. S. SHINE
Institute of Aquaculture, Stirling University, UK.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Infections from the freshwater branchiuran crustacean fish louse Argulus, represents a major threat to fish health both in farm hatcheries and in grow-out systems. The present study investigates the use of an environmentally sustainable control measure for breaking the life-cycle of Argulus by destroying their eggs. Four Argulus infected brood ponds were selected. Wooden master boards containing wooden squares treated with a range of synthetic and natural compounds were placed in the infected brood ponds. The paints were three synthetic compounds Byotrol, Netrex and Chlorvar and three natural products lime, garlic and neem. The boards were removed after one week and new boards were then replaced; the experiment was conducted over three consecutive weeks. The current trial found that most egg clutches were laid on the boards painted with Chlorvar, followed by Netrex, Neem extract: Chlorvar, Byotrol and Garlic: Lime. The result showed that there was significant difference in the number of egg clutches laid on the different types of painted board as well as there were significant differences between the groups (p< 0.0001). Chlorvar appears to present a highly favorable egg laying site. The garlic: lime was found significantly lower eggs than control, might be due to unfavorable surface as an egg-laying surface. Brood stocks and homestead culture ponds appears to be a way forward to reduce the dependency on harmful pesticides for the control of Argulus by this method. The study was conducted during July, 2008 to February 2009.

Keywords: Argulus, Reproduction, Wooden board, Paint and Fish pond.

Location: Mymensingh and Jessore regions, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2008

End Date: 00-02-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To develop an environmentally sustainable control measure for breaking the life cycle of Argulus by destroying their eggs.

Methodology:

Selection of study area: A number of farm visits were made following an informal discussion with farmers who indicated that they may have an Argulus infection in their ponds both in culture farms and hatcheries. A number of discussions with hatchery owners in the Mymensingh and Jessore regions of Bangladesh were also conducted. Follow up visits to the brood stock ponds in two hatcheries in two regions were made throughout July, 2008 to February 2009. Pond selection and the introduction of bamboo splits: After soaked in water one day, bamboo splits are made by splitting bamboo poles into 4-6 splits dressed and cut into 2.5 metre lengths. All the bamboo splits were then marked at 50 cm intervals from the bottom. The bamboo splits were then placed in the 4 brood stock rearing ponds. Those were then lifted out and examined for the presence of Argulus eggs within one week. Each bamboo split was carefully examined for the presence of Argulus eggs and the position of eggs were recorded in different depth of pond water. On the basis of this pre-assessment, two ponds were selected from Mymensingh and two from Jessore. A questionnaire format was used to collect features regarding each pond which was gathered through conversation with the hatchery technicians at each site. Selection of test paints: Five different paint mixtures were made and randomly allocated to a paint code and one was control. P-2 was prepared by mixing 100ml of garlic with 100ml of lime and P-6 was made by mixing 60ml of neem extract with 100ml of Chlorvar. Preparation of the painted boards: Twelve master wooden boards measuring 70cm in length by 30cm in width and numbered PB-1 to PB-12 were cut alongside 216 small wooden squares that measured 10 cm x10cm. Eighteen of these smaller wooden squares were then attached to each master wooden board. All 5 paints were tested in triplicate on each board alongside a triplicate set of controls. The distribution of each small board on the master boards was performed by using a random distribution method. Treatment of the boards, data collection and analysis: The board experiment in each pond was conducted over 3 successive weeks. Four large master boards were installed in two brood stock ponds in both regions. The boards were then lifted after a week and the number of egg clutches on each small painted board was counted. On the same day water samples were collected. Additional water samples were also collected from four other ponds at both study sites where no Argulus infection was found. The collected water samples were analyzed using Sera and Salina Aqua kits. At the beginning of the second week, another four large master boards were installed in the same four ponds and then lifted one week later. The number of Argulus egg clutches on each smaller board was counted. At the start of the third week, the last set of four large master boards were installed and lifted a week later and evaluated in the same way. Following the collection of all the egg data, the egg clutch counts on each different painted board were subjected to statistical analysis. For each data set, replicates were analyzed both within ponds and across time using normality tests and then subsequently analyzed using the nonparametric tests Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric ANOVA) test and Dunn's post-hoc test.

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Agril. Tech. 9(1): 64-70, January 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The use of painted boards can be used for breaking up the life-cycle of Argulus through the collection of egg clutches on the painted wooden substrates and then subsequently destroying the eggs by any means.

Knowledge Management: Journal