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Induced Breeding, Embryonic and Larval Development of Koi Carp (cyprinus Carpio) in Khulna, Bangladesh

A. K. Ghosh
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

S. Biswas
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

L. Sarder
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

W. Sabbir
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

S.M.B. Rahaman
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The aim of the present study was to perform induced breeding and to observe embryonic and larval development stages in different seasons for mature male and female Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio, was done by administering the synthetic hormone ovaprim, in a single dose for males and a double dose for females at 0.4-1.0 ml/kg body weight via an intramuscular injection. Spawning occurred between 5-6 hrs after the 2nd injection in summer (April) at a temperature of 26-29 ^oC and 17-20 ⁰C in winter (December). Using doses of 0.4ml/kg, 0.7ml/kg and 1.0 ml/kg of ovaprim, the fertilization rate of eggs were obtained at 42.31%, 54.55% and 61.82 % in summer and 26.92%, 38.00% and 39.23 % in winter. Hatching rates were 42.78%, 44.60% and 55.00 % in the summer season and 30.22%, 31.01% and 31.67 % in the winter season with the same doses of ovaprim. The fertilized eggs were adhesive, transparent, and spherical with diameters ranging between 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm and yellowish white in color. Due to a positive response to the hormone Ovaprim, considerable fertilization and hatching rate, short embryonic period and larval development, it is possible to conduct a successful breeding program of this species commercially.

Keywords: Fertilization, Ovaprim, Embryonic development, Koi

Location: Khulna, University

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Koi/Climbing

Objectives:

To perform induced breeding and to observe embryonic and larval development stages in different seasons for mature male and female Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio

Methodology:

Profile of the study area: These experiments were conducted in Fish Physiology Laboratory of Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology (FMRT) Discipline of Khulna University. All the preparations needed for induced breeding of this fish were done in the laboratory. The aquarium set up, water supply facilities, working space etc. were assured before the breeding program. Rearing and spawning tank: For induced breeding a glass aquarium was used for both rearing and spawning of fish. Two large size glass aquariums (4×1.5×1.5ft) were made and including 8 small size glass aquariums (1.5×1.0×1.0ft) of the laboratory. The aquariums were supported with a filter, stones, continuous air-pump etc. The broods were conditioned in the large tank and after injecting the brood set, these were consequently separated in the small tank. After fertilizing, the fertilized eggs were also kept in the small tank. Experimental design: There were two broad parts of the activities in this experiment. The first part of the activity was concerned with the collection of brood fish. The second part of the experiment was conducted at the FMRT Discipline Laboratory, where induced inbreeding was performed along with observations of embryonic and larval stage development. The total experiment was repeated for two times in two different seasons. The first experiment was repeated for two times, in summer from February 6, 2009 to April 16, 2009 and in winter from August 4, 2009 to December 25, 2009. Brood fish selection, collection and conditioning: Mature healthy koi carp brood (70-200 gm), two males and one female were selected by sexual dimorphism for breeding experiments. Female is usually easier to identify, as the belly of a mature female is generally plump, whereas male remains streamlined and more torpedo shaped. When males are ready for spawning, they develop breeding tubercles on the head and pectoral fins, principally along the bones of the fin rays. Eighteen pairs (24 male and 12 female) brood fishes were collected from the local aquarium fish market and from the aquarium fish market of Dhaka. The brood fishes were taken to the laboratory within 20 minutes and kept in the aquarium (4×1.5×1.5ft). The brood carrying packs were submerged into the aquarium water for 10 minutes, and after this time these were unpacked and released into a well aerated aquarium (Dissolved Oxygen: 4.5-6.5 mg/l, pH: 7.2-7.8; temperature: 28 -29 ⁰C in summer and 15-20 ⁰C in winter. Induced breeding: The selected broods collected from the conditioning aquarium were kept in a separate aquarium. A Continuous air flow was provided in the tanks by use of a aerator. The sex ratio of the spawners was kept at 2:1 for male and female. The breeding experiment was performed by administering the synthetic hormone Ovaprim. Hormone dose optimization: For induced breeding Ovaprim was injected to the spawners. Female were given two doses and males a single dose of injection. Male was injected at the time of second dose given to the female. Stripping and fertilization: At first females were stripped and eggs were collected in a ceramic plate. In the mean time respective males were stripped and collected milt was mixed well with previously collected eggs. For better result of fertilization, saline water was used and mixed well with a clean and sterile feather. The inseminated eggs were then transferred in to incubation tank providing with continuous air flow. Determination of fecundity: The fecundity of females was observed immediately after stripping. The fecundity was determined. Determination of fertilization rate: After a certain period (1-2 hrs) the eggs were examined to observe the fertilization rate. The fertilized eggs were easily separated from the unfertilized eggs by the presence of a transparent shell with a gray or black spot within the egg shell, while the unfertilized eggs were opaque. Determination of hatching rate: Hatching was completed after 48 ± 2 hours of fertilization in the summer and 70 ± 2 hours in the winter season. In determining hatching rate the samples were collected from the hatching tank and the total numbers of fertilized eggs in the sample and along with the hatchlings were counted by visual observations. Embryonic and Larval stages observation: Samples of eggs were taken prior to fertilization at every 30 minute interval were taken for further studies. In the present study, the developmental stages were divided into embryonic, larval and post larval development. The embryonic stage occurs inside the chorion and ends in hatching. The larval stage was characterized by nutritive contribution of the yolk sac and the stage ends when the larva becomes capable of exogenous feeding. The post larval stage begins immediately upon absorption of the yolk sac and was characterized by autonomous feeding. After, the yolk sac absorption, the larvae were fed boiled egg yolk twice daily along with zooplankton (Artemia). Developmental time from post fertilization was rounded to the nearest minute until the morula stage and then to the nearest hour. The age of the larvae was denoted an hour after activation. Descriptions of the developing stages were made by examining live specimens under an Electron microscope and microphotographs of the developmental stages of eggs and larvae were also taken. For a clear an observation, individuals were temporarily stained with methylene blue. The specimens were measured by placing them over a slide having 1.0 mm graph paper at the bottom. Five to ten specimens were used to describe each stage.

Source of Information: Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci., 2012, 27 (1): 1 - 14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The high fecundity, short embryonic period and simple breeding technique of the fish suggest that koi are suitable species for commercial culture. As there are no commercial approaches of induced breeding and seed production of koi carp by any scientific organizations but there is a great demand of koi carp in our country for its colorful and attractive appearance. The breeding techniques discussed in the present paper can be considered a first (if it is) contribution to further large scale breeding of this species. The brood fish, hormone, and other related material required for breeding is available. Due to a good response to the ovaprim, year round breeding performance, considerable fertilization and hatching rate it is possible to conduct breeding program of this species commercially. The successful induced breeding of ornamental fish may reduce the uncertainty and unavailability of fish seed/fry, may increase the large scale production for export purpose and may be a potential sector for meeting the national demand and help to increase foreign exchange earnings. The embryological development of koi carp provides a better idea on their developmental stages and this information helps the mass production of this tropical ornamental fish in captivity.

Knowledge Management: Journal