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Optimum Replacement of Fishmeal with Soybean Meal in Diet for Macrobrachium Rosenbergii (de Man 1879) Cultured in Low Saline Water

Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Md. Noman Siddiqui
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Md. Ayaz Hasan Chisty
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A feeding trial of substituting soybean meal (SBM) for fish meal (FM) for the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) was conducted in low saline water ponds. Four different iso-nitrogenous diets (Control, Diet-1, Diet-2, Diet-3) were fed to the juveniles stocked at a rate of 2/m² in each pond. The control diet had 36% FM as a sole source of protein, and Diet-1, Diet-2, Diet-3 were prepared by replacing 30%, 50% and 80% of fish meal protein by SBM protein, respectively. Throughout the experiment, water and soil variables were found to be within the acceptable range for prawns. The maximum average weight (26.51±0.20 g) was observed in prawn fed on Diet-3, while the minimum weight (21.72±0.61 g) was measured for Diet-1. The prawns fed Diet-3 displayed higher specific growth rate (1.31±0.27%/day, SGR) and survival (71.97%) than the Control group. Protein efficiency ratio (1.51, PER) and feed conversion ratio (2.52, FCR) in prawns fed Diet-3 were higher and lower, respectively, but the difference was insignificant compared to the other treatments.

Keywords: Growth, Survival %, FCR, PER, Giant freshwater prawn

Location: Bagerhat district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Feed

Objectives:

To demonstrate the effects of the increasing FM replacement by extracted SBM on the growth performance and feed efficiency in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Methodology:

118 day grow-out period was carried out under farm conditions in a village of Bagerhat district of Bangladesh. The salinity of the zone ranged from 0 to 5‰. Pond Preparation: Eight ponds of different size, depth, salinity and location were selected. The ponds retained water for 5 to 6 months. No water was exchanged throughout the experimental period. Prior to stocking of juvenile prawn, all finfish of the ponds were removed by netting and rotenone was applied at a rate of 0.75-0.9 g/m² to confirm the eradication of all predatory species. One week after the application of rotenone, slacked lime was spread over the pond surface water at a rate of 0.025 kg/m². Feed Formulation and Preparation: Four different types of iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 25% crude protein were formulated using 'Pearson square' method. The feed ingredients were chosen on the basis of its nutritional status, price and year round availability in the local market. The proximate composition of the ingredients was analyzed according to AOAC. The major source of protein in diet ‘Control’ was supplied by FM. The FM protein was substituted at a rate of 30%, 50% and 80% with extracted SBM in Diet-1, Diet-2 and Diet-3, respectively. After weighing, the feed ingredients were mixed together manually until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. Then wet ingredients and water were added into the mixture to obtain dough. Following this, mixture was manually pressed through a locally manufactured feed pelletizer. The pellets were dried in well aerated place under the shade for 2 days until became sufficiently dry. Finally, the pellets were sacked in plastic bags and kept in a cool, dry place until used. The proximate analysis of the diets after preparation was also done according to AOAC. Stocking and Feeding: Juveniles of 2.51-5.19 g were stocked into ponds at a rate of 2/m² and prawns were fed to satiation twice a day with the experimental. The feeding levels were adjusted by checking the feeding trays two hours after serving the diets. Sampling: Sampling was carried out fortnightly by catching minimum 10 prawns from each pond by cast netting. Individual prawn weights to the nearest unit were recorded. Final sampling (harvesting) was done by draining the ponds, prior to the arrival of the winter season when the temperature dropped below 20ºC. Individual weights of all prawns in each pond were recorded for further statistical analysis. Specific growth rate (SGR%), survival rate %, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were calculated. Water and Soil Quality: Water temperature was measured once a day at 10:00 h by mercury thermometers. Dissolved oxygen was measured once a week at 10:00 h by Winkler method. The water pH was determined once a week at 10:00 h by using RI 02895 (Woon Socket, HANNA) pH meter. Alkalinity of water measurements (mg/L CaCO₃) was made once a week at 10:00 h. Natural productivity of the ponds was measured fortnightly via measuring the transparency by using a Secchi disc. The total nitrogen content in soil of experimental ponds was determined fortnightly by micro Kjeldahl procedure. The soil pH from the pond bottom was also measured by pH meter. Statistical Analysis: Means and standard deviations or ranges were calculated and expressed as mean (±SD/range). Significance of variations in the water quality and growth parameters was tested by using one way analysis of variance, ANOVA, which was followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for significant values using SPSS software. Values were considered significant at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 9: 17-22 (2009)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was revealed based on the above findings that the extracted SBM can substitute encouragingly the Bombay duck fish meal protein by 80%. The low price and local availability of SBM made the Diet-3 more potential for dietary cost savings. However, the maximum inclusion level of SBM and other locally available plant ingredients in an attempt to replace regionally available FM should be studied further to develop an economically viable, user friendly and eco-friendly feed for M. rosenbergii.

Knowledge Management: Journal