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Factors Affecting the Adoption of Improved Varieties of Mustard Cultivation in Some Selected Sites of Bangladesh

M. A. Monayem Miah
Senior Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Sadia Afroz
Assistant Chief
Ministry of Planning, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

M. A. Rashid
Principal Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

S. A. M. Shiblee
Principal Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Mustard is a leading oil crop in Bangladesh. Relevant data and information on the adoption of improved mustard varieties is very scanty and sporadic in Bangladesh. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the extent of adoption of improved mustard varieties and their management practices at farm level. The study used data from 540 mustard growing farmers under Manikgonj, Rajshahi and Dinajpur districts. Probit regression model along with other descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Analysis revealed that the farm level adoption of different production practices were not encouraging as most farmers did not follow the recommendations made by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) for mustard cultivation. The variety adoption scenario was also discouraging since only 40% of the farmers cultivated improved mustard varieties. However, farmers showed positive attitude towards adoption of improved mustard varieties since about 53% of the adopters wanted to increase area under improve mustard cultivation in next growing season considering the high yielding ability, low cultivation cost, high profit, and less labor requirements. Although mustard is considered to be a profitable crop, many farmers showed negative attitude towards its production due to some drawbacks. Non-availability of improved mustard seed was also found to be a barrier to its adoption at farm level.

Keywords: Improved mustard, Variety adoption, Farmers’ attitude, Production practices

Location: Manikgonj, Rajshahi, and Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Non-commodity: Adoption of technology

Objectives:

a) To study the adoption status of improved varieties of mustard and its recommended production practices at farm level;

b) To find out the factors associated with adoption of improved varieties of mustard at farm level;

c) To know farmers’ experience with and attitudes towards improved mustard cultivation.

Methodology:

Multi-stages sampling procedure were followed to select sample farmers. In the first stage of sampling, study areas were selected purposively based on the area coverage of mustard during cropping season 2008-2009. Thus, three mustard growing districts, namely Manikgonj, Rajshahi, and Dinajpur consisting high (covered ≤ 10% of total mustard area), medium (≤ 5 to > 10% area), and low (> 5% area) mustard growing areas were selected for the study. In the second stage, in all nine Upazilas under three selected districts were purposively selected taking three Upazila from each district. Before selecting Upazilas, data on the area and production of mustard were collected from Upazila DAE offices and the highest three mustard growing Upazilas were selected for the study. Thirdly, three agricultural blocks were also purposively selected in consultation with Agricultural Officer of the respective Upazila. Finally, a total of 540 mustard growing households (3 districts × 3 Upazilas × 3 Blocks × 20 HHs) were randomly selected from a complete list of mustard growing farmers. Data and relevant information were collected through personal interview with sampled farmers using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. The researchers and trained enumerators collected data and information for this study. Data and information were collected during the period from October 2011 to October 2012. For assessing the level of adoption of crop management technologies, respondent farmers were grouped into three categories such as high, medium, and low adopter based on the percent of farmers followed recommended practice with respect to each technology. A higher percentage indicates a higher level of adoption, while a lower percentage indicates a lower level of adoption of a technology. Adoption level was categorized as (70-100%) as high, (50-69%) as medium, and <50% as low. Probit and Logit models have been used extensively by agricultural production and farming systems economists for studying and analyzing farmers’ adoption and diffusion of agricultural interventions. In the present study, Probit regression model was used to find out the factors of adoption and non-adoption of improved varieties of mustard. In order to ascertain the probability of adoption of improved mustard varieties, the following empirical Probit model was employed. Since the dependent variable is dichotomous, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is not suitable. Therefore, MLE method was followed to run the Probit model using STATA software. The adoption of improved mustard variety is likely to be influenced by different explanatory variables. The variables are X₁= Farm size (in decimal), X₂= Family labour (in No./ha), X₃= Training received on oilseed (in No.), X₄= Availability of improved seed (score), X₅= Influence of neighbouring farmers (score), X₆= Influence of SAAO (score), X₇= Cosmopolitness of the farmer (score), and X₈= Extension contact of the farmers (score). The procedures of measuring qualitative variables included in the model are briefly discussed below. Influence of neighbouring farmers and SAAO variables were measured based on the level of influences of neighbouring farmers and SAAO in adopting improved mustard variety. Zero value was assigned for ‘no influence’ and 4 for ‘strong influence’. Therefore, the possible scores of these variables ranged from 0 to 4. The availability of improved mustard seeds was assigned different values ranging from 0 to 4 (0 = not available, 4 = plenty) and these values were considered as score. Different values (0 for no visit and 3 for frequent visit) were assigned, based on frequency, for different places of visit. The actual score was then calculated by adding all the values. Possible scores ranged from 0 to 9. Ten different extension Medias were considered in this study. All these Medias were assigned different values (0 for no contact and 4 for regular contact) according to their importance. The actual score was measured by adding all the values. The possible scores for extension contact were ranged from 0 to 40.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 363-379, September 2015, ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study assessed the level of adoption of improved mustard varieties along with management technologies at farm level and attitudes towards mustard cultivation. The study revealed the low level of adoptions of the improved mustard technologies at farm level. The lion share of the total mustard areas are planted to BARI old mustard variety (Tori-7). The adoption of improved mustard variety was very low. Different socioeconomic factors, such as family labor, availability of improved seed, farmers’ cosmopolitness, and extension contact significantly influence farmers to adopt improved mustard varieties. The majority of the respondent farmers wanted to increase the cultivation of improved mustard varieties in the next year due to higher yield, low cultivation cost, higher profit, and less labor requirement.

Knowledge Management: Journal