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Irrigation Scheduling of Wheat Using Pan Evaporation Method

Md. Belal Hossain
SO
Irrigation and Water Management Division

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at BAU farm during the Rabi season 2013-14 to investigate the possible effects of different level of irrigation on wheat production. The experiment was set up using split plot design with two modern varieties of wheat, BARI Gom-21 (V₁) and BARI Gom-24 (V₂) and four irrigation treatments viz., Irrigation was applied on the basis on Cumulative Pan Evaporation. Results showed that though the highest grain yield (4.59 t ha^-1) was found in treatment T₄, its water productivity was the lowest (479 kg ha^-1cm^-1) of all. On the contrary, treatment T₃, gave a yield of 4.55 t ha^-1 having the highest water productivity of (630 kg ha^-1cm^-1). The highest irrigation requirement (5.48 cm) was found in the treatment T_4,while treatment T₃ needed only 3.23 cm of water. The highest interaction effect on grain yield was found 5.26 ton ha^-1 for the combination of V₂T₃_. Study revealed that increasing water stress reduced the plant height, effective tillers per hill, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield as did for the harvest index. Considering all the outputs from the experiment, it can be inferred that practicing interaction V₂ T₃ would be the best choice for the wheat cultivation.

Keywords: Water productivity, Irrigation, Pan evaporation, Wheat, Yield.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of number of irrigation on growth and yield attributes, yield, and water productivity of two different wheat varieties with the view to define an appropriate irrigation scheduling.

Methodology:

Experimental design and treatments

The experimental plots were laid out with split plot design (SPD) having four irrigation treatments and two varieties. There were three replications in combinations of both the treatments (Variety and irrigation). According to the split plot design, irrigation treatment was assigned in the main plot and the varieties were assigned in the sub plots. All of these events were randomly chosen to avoid any biasness towards the selection. Hydrological information’s were collected from the weather station at BAU farm near the experimental site. Two high yielding varieties of wheat, V₁= BARI Gom-21 (Shatabdi) and V₂= BARI Gom-24 (Prodip) developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) were used for the study. Both of the variety is heat tolerant. Shatabdi released in 2000 which attains at a height of 90-100 cm and takes 105-112 days to complete the life cycle and it is resistant to leaf rust and leaf spot diseases as well. The average yield of Shatabdi and Prodip are (3.5-4.0) t ha^-1(BARI 2011). Wheat seeds were weighed for different plots at the rate of 120 kg ha^-1. For sowing the seeds in rows 2-3 cm deep furrows were made manually using single tine and rakes. The distance between two adjacent furrows was kept at 20 cm. The plots were fertilized in the furrows with Urea TSP, MP, Gypsum, Zink and Boron at a ratio of 230:180:60:130:21:17 kg ha^-1. Two third amount of total Urea was applied during land preparation and the rest one third was applied 30 days after sowing.Irrigation was applied using pan evaporation data and soil moisture content of the field. The treatments were: T₁_: No irrigation (control), T₂_: Irrigation application at CRI stage (17-21 days after sowing), T₃ : two irrigation at CRI and Booting (17-21 DAS + 45-50 DAS), T₄ : three irrigation at CRI, Booting and Grain filling stages (17-21 DAS + 45-50 DAS + 75-80 DAS).Irrigation was calculated and applied based on predesigned irrigation schedule. Water was supplied from nearby source. A 25 liter capacity pot was used to irrigate the field. First irrigation was scheduled (T₁) at 17 DAS, but 23.0 and 18.6 mm rainfall was occurred on 7 December 2011 and 8 December 2011 (6 and 7 days after sowing) respectively. As a result no irrigation was applied due to sufficient moisture present in the field. Treatment T₃ and T₄ were applied according to the predesigned schedule.The crop was harvested on 03 April 2011after 122 days of sowing when the spikes were completely ripped. After recording data on plant height, length of panicle and number of spike of each plant, the plant materials were dried in the sun. Threshing, cleaning and drying of grains and straws of each plot were done carefully. Finally, the grain and straw yields and yield contributing parameters were recorded separately. Yield and yield contributing data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance technique with the help of computer package programmed MSTAT and significance of mean difference was adjudged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE), Issue 10, Volume 2 (October 2015), 99-103

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The current investigation revealed the yield performance of two varieties BARI Gom-21 and BARI Gom-24 against different treatments. BARI Gom-24 showed better yield performance than BARI Gom-21. Irrigation treatments have a significant effect on yield and yield attributes. Highest yield was obtained for the treatment T₄, but performance of T₃ is very close to T₄ with high water productivity. Both the treatment T₃and T₄ has a yield advantages over T₁ and T₂. On the other hand the interaction (variety and irrigation) effect V₂T₄ shows the best performance and V₂T₃ is very close to V₂T₄ with highest water productivity. So it can be concluded that irrigation application at critical stages CRI (Crown Root Initiation, 17-20 DAS) and booting (45-50 DAS) increased the yield performance of both variety and irrigation at grain filling stage (80-85 DAS) insignificantly increased total yield but decreased water productivity. According to the experiment, T₃ (two irrigation at CRI and Booting) would be the best irrigation scheduling for wheat cultivation and V₂T₃ would be the best practice.

Knowledge Management: Journal