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Studies on Degeneration of Potato Varieties in Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Shafayet Hossain
Deputy Director (SP&P)
49-51 Dilkusha C/A, Dhaka

Dr. Md. Golam Rasul
Professor
Prof. Dr. Md. Golam Rasul, BSMRAU

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Significant variations were observed in the extent of degeneration for both the varieties and generations. Visually, the highest number of diseased plants was observed in 3^rd generation than the 1^st generation but less than the 2^nd generation in all varieties except Multa. The less number in third generation might be due to invisibility of the symptoms in the vigorous plant produced in more favorable growing condition. The percent of virus prevalence was found to be related with the yield loss of potato. In Granola, visually no diseased plants were observed but virus infection was detected by DAS-ELISA which might be due to latent infection of viruses. The disease incidence of PVY, PLRV and the mixed infection of the two viruses was found to increase as the generation progressed. Irrespective of generations, prevalence of PVY was higher as compared to PLRV. In case of 2^nd generation, single infection of PVY and PLRV varied from 6.59% (Granola) to 25.37% (Arinda). The prevalence of PVY was found to be the highest (42.00%) in 3^rd generation which was followed by Arinda, Felsina, Cardinal (37.38%) and Multa (35.98%) while the prevalence of PLRV was found to be the highest in BARI TPS1 (12.00%) followed by Ailsa (11.34%) which might be due to more susceptibility to the two viruses with the advancement of generations. The average highest PVY, PLRV and mixed infection of the three generations was recorded in Arinda (24.54%), Multa (8.53%) and BARI TPS (6.94%).

Keywords: Degeneration, Disease, Symptom, DAS-ELISA

Location: Research Field of Dept. of Plant Breeding & Seed Pathology Laboratory of BSMRAU, Gazipur

Start Date: 28-11-2008

End Date: 02-02-2011

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

1. To study the causes and extent of degeneration of selected potato varieties in Bangladesh and

2. To estimate the differential response of potato varieties to viral infection

Methodology:

Twelve potato varieties, namely, Diamant, Cardinal, Granola, Patrones, Provento, Multa, Raja, Asterix, Felsina, Arinda, Ailsa and BARI TPSΙ were included in the study. Breeders’ seeds of these varieties were procured from the seed potato farm, BARI. The experiment was conducted for consecutive three years during the period from November, 2008 to February, 2011. Forty five days after emergence, aphid populations were assessed based on a random collection of 5 leaf samples of the potato seedling. Counting of aphids on three different yellow water traps placed at different spots. Half of the yellow trap was filled with fresh tap water. The trapped green peach aphids were identified by their distinct physical structure and colour (green in colour, winged and abdomen) and were counted from the trays twice in a week which was continued up to the date of haulm pulling. After counting the aphids, the water of the traps was changed with fresh water. PVY and PLRV incidence were identified based on symptomatic observation (Brunt et al., 1990) and Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. One potato tuber was selected randomly for each plant to detect the PVY and PLRV infection. Double Antibody Sandwitch Enzyme Linked Immonosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) was employed for detecting the two viruses from tubers (plate 6). For this purpose, the tubers were taken out from cold stores and put under diffused light for sprouting. The sprouts were separated and put into polyethylene bags separately for each tuber. DAS-ELISA was done following the method as outlined by Clark and Adams (1977) with some modifications. The DAS-ELISA kit prepared for the detection of PVY and PLRV was imported by Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) which was used in the experiment. The instructions written in the manual of virus identification kit were followed to perform the DAS-ELISA. The ELISA plates supplied with the kits were separately precoated with the -globuline of either PVY or PLRV. The sap was extracted by macerating the sprout samples in extraction buffer at 1:10 ratio (Weight by Volume). The extracted sap was poured at the rate of 200 l/well of the ELISA plate. The plates with the sample were then incubated in a humid box at 30^oC for overnight. After incubation the plate was thoroughly washed with washing buffer and then enzyme conjugated-glubuline (IgG) was dispensed at the rate of 200 well. The plates were then incubated at 37 ^oC in an incubator for 2 hours in a humid box. The substrate solution was prepared following the procedures as written in the manual of the kits and used at the rate of 200 well. The plates were incubated in a humid box at room temperature for one hour. After counting the colour of the wells, percentage of infected plants were calculated. Wells in which yellow colour develops indicated positive results. Wells which remained colourless indicated negative results. The validity of colour development was confirmed comparing with the results of the positive and negative control. Disease incidence was calculated using the following formula: Disease incidence (%) = (Number of infected plants/Total Plants) x100.

Source of Information: PhD Thesis

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In Granola no diseased plants could be identified visually in any of the generations but viral infection was detected by ELISA. The highest prevalence of PVY and PLRV infection was found in Patrones and Ailsa, respectively. Visually no PLRV infected plants were detected in Diamant, Cardinal and Asterix. The overall percentage of viral infection in the 3^rd generation was about three times higher compared to 1^st generation and almost double compared to that of 2^nd generation. Across the generations, it was observed that higher yield was obtained in the 1^st generation then decreased in the 2^nd generation and again increased slightly in the 3^rd generation except Patrones, Provento and Multa. Breeding priority has always been on development of high yielding and disease resistant varieties and no concerted efforts were made to breed potato varieties with desirable keeping quality (high dry matter content, medium sized tuber with russetted skin, reduced and less sprout growth) under natural condition. So, scientists should make effort to develop cultures and varieties having desirable keeping quality.

Knowledge Management: