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Epidemiology of Infectious Bursal Disease in Broiler Birds of Three Districts in Bangladesh

Shovon Chakma
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control & Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 450 broiler farms of three districts of Bangladesh from June 2012 to July 2013. The estimated prevalence and mortality of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in three districts were 10.2% (CI, 9.2-11.2) and 7.8% (CI, 6.4-9.2) respectively. On clinical sign such as anorexia, ruffled feathers and diarrhoea and necropsy gross changes at bursa of fabricius, the highest prevalence was recorded in Comilla district (10.4%) followed by Feni district (10.3%) and Chittagong district (10.0%), while the highest mortality was recorded in the same Comilla district (8.3%) followed by Chittagong district (8.1%) and Feni district (7.0%). IBD was recorded year-round and had significant association (P<0.05) with season. Significantly higher prevalence (13.1%) and mortality (9.8%) was documented in winter season. Broiler chicken age between 21-30 days was significantly reported with high prevalence rate and high mortality rate. The study result indicated the difference of IBD occurrence in Bangladesh, thereby would support to improve the current control plans.

Keywords: Infectious bursal disease; Broiler; Prevalence; Mortality rate

Location: Feni sadar and Fulgazi of Feni district, Comilla dakshin and Chouddagram of Comilla district, Sitakunda and Mirsharai of Chittagong area

Start Date: 00-06-2012

End Date: 00-07-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

To understand the epidemiology of infectious bursal disease in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

A survey was conducted on 450 farms in 6 upazilas of three districts: Feni sadar and Fulgazi of Feni district, Comilla dakshin and Chouddagram of Comilla district, Sitakunda and Mirsharai of Chittagong district during June 2012-July 2013 study period. The three districts were purposively selected as poultry development project has been implemented by several NGO’s. The upazilas were randomly selected by lottery from a list of upazilas. Broiler farms were selected from a list of poultry farm that were known to keep in Upazila Livestock office and 150 farms, having at least 30 broiler farm in the upazila, from in each upazila were randomly selected. The required number of farm from each district was 150 based on the formula n=Z² *PQ/L2 [here, n= sample size, P= expected prevalence, Q = 1-P and L = precision]. The prevalence of IBD was documented, 11.06% in Gazipur (Ahmed et al., 2009). Therefore, prevalence P=0.11, a precision L=0.05 and confidence level 95% Z=1.96 was considered in the calculation. Six field technicians, one for each upazila, and one veterinarian were recruited to monitor the field technicians activity in study sites. Field technicians were trained before sending them for farm investigation. A record keeping book designed by principle investigator was provided to each broiler farm to record relevant information relating to the study. Staff of each poultry farm was trained by veterinarian on how to recognize clinical signs of disease and how to maintain the record in the notebook. Field technician was scheduled to visit broiler farms at least twice a week and collected information (breed, sex, age of birds, medication history and vaccination history) as well as broiler chicken carcass if required. However, technician was responsible to visit poultry farm other than the scheduled visit if they obtain request, over phone, from poultry farm to collect dead broiler chicken carcass. Farmers were paid Bangladeshi Taka 40 for each dead chicken. Dead chicken was marked with an identification number, placed in an ice-packed cool box and bring it to Upazila Livestock Office or Field Disease Investigation Laboratory (FDIL) for systemic necropsy. The observed post-mortem changes were recorded during necropsy. Due to limitations of resources, diagnosis was made on the basis of notebook recorded clinical signs and observer gross pathological lesions during necropsy in the dead chicken. The following sets of clinical signs and post-mortem lesions were considered as indicative of the IBD diseases. Clinical signs- Anorexia, depression, ruffled feather, diarrhoea and death. Death common at 21-30 days of age; mortality reached a peak within 2-3 days of onset. Post-mortem lesions- Emaciated and highly dehydrated carcass, congestion in blood vessel (sub-cutaneous), leg and breast muscle, swollen and edematous bursa of fabricious with yellowish or creamy discoloration, sometimes serosal and mucosal haemorrhage and congestion of bursa and atrophied bursa. Data was recorded in the Microsoft Excel 2010 and statistical analysis was performed by STATA 13.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (1), 59-64, ISSN 2411-4472

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study that infectious bursal disease is present throughout the year in Bangladesh. The frequency of IBD infection increased during winter season and is associated with bird age. Therefore, it is noteworthy to encourage farmer to adapt biosecurity tool and vaccinate the broiler regularly and properly to reduce the further loss.

Knowledge Management: Journal