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Seasonal Variation of Water Quality Parameters, Clinical and Histological Observation of Some Small Endangered Open Water Fishes from Mymensingh and Sylhet Region

Md. Mamunur Rahman
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Gias Uddin Ahmed
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Tawhid Hasan
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seasonal variation of water quality parameters and health condition of some small endangered open water fishes are Baila (Glossogobius giuris), Gutum (Lepidocephalichthys guntea) and Tara baim (Macrognathus aculeatus) was carried out through clinical and histological observation from Kailla beel of Ishargonj upazila, Mymensingh and Surma river, Gobindogonj upazila, Sunamgonj district, Sylhet region for a period of eight months from September 2014 to April 2015. Water quality parameters like water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, alkalinity, hardness, and nitrate were recorded. Water temperature, pH, alkalinity and hardness were found at unfavorable level for fish in mid November and January. Clinical examinations of the fish were carried out at monthly intervals and any kind of abnormalities were recorded. Clinically it was observed that, fish was affected with fin and tail rot, gill rot, parasitic infestation, nutritional deformities, numerous red spots and patches in lateral and ventral regions, large deep whitish ulcers reached up to deep ulcers especially in December and January in both region. Samples of skin, muscle, gill, liver and kidney were collected and processed for histological observations. Major pathology in the skin and muscle were epidermis separated from dermis, presence of fungal granuloma, vacuums, hemorrhage and necrosis. Loss of primary and secondary gill lamellae, hypertrophy and primary gill lamellae separated, necrosis and hemorrhage were found in the gill. Large vacuums, necrosis and hemorrhage were observed in liver and kidney. Among the affected fish organs skin and muscle, gills were more affected than the internal organs like liver and kidney. Overall, clinical and histological observations of fishes were found to be more affected in December and January. Whereas, in the months of mid February to April, the pathological condition of fish gradually healed up to normal except few vacuums and hemorrhage. Under histopathological observations, fishes of Kailla beel were more affected than the fishes of surma river. In clinical and histopathological observation open water fishes were more susceptible due to EUS.

Keywords: Seasonal variation; Small endangered species; Clinical and histopathological observations; Water quality parameters

Location: Mymensingh and Sylhet region

Start Date: 00-09-2014

End Date: 00-04-2015

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

1. To investigate water quality parameters of Kailla beel and Surma river in relation to different months and also

2. To observe the health status of selected fish species from the two different areas with the seasonal variation.

Methodology:

In the present investigation two areas were selected; they were Kailla beel of Mymensingh region and Surma river of Sylhet region. The study was conducted for a period of eight months from September 2014 to April 2015 to find out the water quality parameters and health status of a small indigenous species (Baila, Gutum and Tara baim). Water samples were collected from the Kailla beel and Surma river once in a month between 08.00 to 08.30 am and water quality parameters test on spot. Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, total hardness, alkalinity and nitrite were measured by using respected test kits. Fish samples from both region was collected from nearby local fisherman. A total of 15 live fishes (5 fishes from each species) were collected during each sampling from each area. The sampled fishes were clinically examined by naked eye and magnifying glass to record any external signs, injury and other abnormalities. Organs like skin and muscle, gill, liver and kidney were collected with the help of a sharp scalpel and forceps and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological study. After 8 hours of fixation, the samples were trimmed in order to obtain a standard size of 1 cm 3 (maximum) and placed in automatic tissue processor for dehydration, clearing and infiltration. The samples were then embedded, sectioned (5µm thickness) and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Then the sections were mounted with canada balsam and covered by cover slips and examined under a compound microscope. Photomicrograph of the stained sections was obtained by using a photo microscope. Record of structural variations and pathologies were done from the slides and photomicrographs.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (1), 95-102, ISSN: 2411-4472

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The water quality parameters were in suitable range throughout the study period except temperature, and ammonia which were reduced in December and January. In December and January when water temperature was 17? to 19?, diseases like EUS, red spot, parasitic infestation and numerous abnormalities occurred with marked pathological changes in various organs. Fish samples were collected at monthly intervals. Under clinical observations, any injury, infection and other abnormal conditions of fish body were recorded. In present study, sample fish was almost normal during the month of September and October. The fish had numerous clinical sings seen in lateral and ventral regions during December and January from Surma river. Whereas, large deep whitish ulcers reached up to deep ulcers, red spot, rough skin, fin lose were found during December and January in fish of kailla beel. In this experiment it is observed that the fishes of surma river comparatively less affected than the fishes of kailla beel. During histopathological study, normal structure was found in September from both water bodies. Mild pathological changes were seen in the Kailla beel during November. However, pathological changes were increased in the fish in December and January. Under Pathological observation, fish was affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), red spot, tail and fins rots, gill rot, parasitic infestation and nutritional deformities etc. The gill and skin and muscle in fish was more affected then internal organs likes liver and kidney due to those diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal