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Variation in Morpho-physiological Criteria and Yield Components of Summer Mungbean Varieties

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Adam B. Puteh
Professor
Dept Crop Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Dr. M. A. Malek
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were conducted at six locations of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh to investigate morpho-physiological characters and seed yield in twelve summer mungbean cultivars viz., BARImung-2, BARImung-3, BARImung-4, BARImung-5, BARImung-6, BINAmung-2, BINAmung-5 BINAmung-6, BINAmung-7, BUmung-1, BUmung-2 and BUmung-2. High yielding cultivars, in general, showed superiority in plant height, branch production, leaf area, TDM, AGR and seed yield plant^-1 than the low yielding cultivars. However, in case of unit area basis, result revealed that seed yield ha^-1 was greater in low yielding cultivars, BARImung-5, BARImung-6, BINAmung-5 and BINAmung-6 than high yielding ones, BARImung-2, BINAmung-2 and BINAmung-7 yet they produced lower seed yield plant^-1 compared to high yielding ones might be due to increase number of plants per unit area and these low yielding cultivars also matured 10-15 days earlier than high yielders. Among the cultivars, BINAmung-5 produced the highest seed yield ha^-1 (1758 kg) with lower HI while BARImung-6 showed second highest seed yield (1707 kg ha^-1) with highest HI and matured earliest, took 60 days after sowing that might be fit the existing cropping pattern in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Mungbean, Growth, Reproductive characters, Yield components, Seed yield

Location: Experimental field of BINA, Mymensingh, Ishurdi and Magura

Start Date: 00-02-2009

End Date: 00-05-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mungbean

Objectives:

To study morpho-physiological parameters, reproductive characters and other yield attributes responsible for higher seed yield in twelve summer mungbean varieties to select best one for countrywide cultivation

Methodology:

Six field experiments were performed at different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh such as Mymensingh, Magura, Chuadanga, Pabna, Natore and Rangpur districts in Kharif-I (February-May) season of 2009. Released twelve mungbean varieties namely BARImung-2, BARImung-3, BARImung-4, BARImung-5, BARImung-6, BINAmung-2, BINAmung-5, BINAmung-6, BINAmung-7, BUmung-1, BUmung-2 and and BUmung-2 were used as planting material. Seeds were sown between 05 to 17 March, 2009. A randomized complete block design with three replications was followed. A unit plot size of 3 m ´ 3 m with plant spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm or 25 cm × 10 cm (depending on variety) was used at all the locations. Urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum were used as a source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur at the rate of 40, 120, 80 and 30 kg ha^-1, respectively at the time of final land preparation. First weeding was done followed by thinning at about 20 days after sowing (DAS). A single irrigation was given at 21 DAS at Pabna, Natore, Magura, Chuadanga districts. Insecticide (Ripcord 50 EC at 0.025%) was sprayed at flowering and fruiting stage (45 and 55 DAS) to control shoot and fruit borer. The morpho-physiological parameters, yield components and seed yield plant^-1 were recorded at Mymensingh and seed yield plot^-1 data were recorded at all locations and converted into tons ha^-1.

To study ontogenetic growth characteristics, a total of five harvests were made. The second and third rows of each plot were used for sampling. The first crop sampling was done at 25 DAS and continued at an interval of ten days up to 65 DAS i.e. till attaining physiological maturity of some varieties. From each sampling, five plants were randomly selected from second and third rows of each plot and uprooted for collecting necessary parameters. The plants were separated into roots, stems, leaves and pods, and the corresponding dry weight were recorded after oven drying at 80 ± 2 ⁰C for 72 hours. The leaf area of each sample was measured by automatic leaf area meter (Model: LICOR 3000, USA). The growth analyses like absolute growth rate and relative growth rate was carried out following the formulae of Hunt (1978). The number of opened flowers plant^-1 was recorded from 15 randomly selected pants, 5 from each plot. The opened flowers were counted daily. Reproductive efficiency (Percent podset to opened flowers) was calculated as follows: % pod set = (Number of pods plant^-1 ÷ Number of opened flowers plant^-1) × 100. The yield contributing characters were recorded at harvest from ten competitive plants of each plot. The seed yield was recorded from five rows of each plot (1.50 m × 3.0 m) and converted into seed yield hectare^-1 and seed weight plant^-1 was determined by dividing the plant number. Harvest index was calculated from the collected data using formula: (economic yield/plot ÷ biological yield/plot) × 100. The collected data were analyzed statistically by using computer package programme, MSTAT-C.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 44 (3): 469-473

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

High yielding cultivars have taller plant, higher number of branches and leaves as well as LAI, TDM and AGR which resulted higher number of pods plant^-1 than the low yielders in mungbean. Though low yielding cultivars showed lower yield plant^-1 but produced higher seed yield per hectare and also matured 10-15 days earlier compared to high yielding ones. Among the cultivars, BINAmung-5 produced the highest seed yield ha^-1 with lower HI while BARImung-6 showed second highest seed yield with highest HI and matured earliest, took 60 days after sowing that might be fit the existing cropping pattern in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal