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Heterosis in Maize

N. A. Ivyl
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur.

S. A. Hussain
Chief Scientific Officer
BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

M. S. H. Hawlader
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BRRI, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

R. Sultana
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur.

M. M. Masud
Assistant Professor
Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Out of 15 F₁s, for kernel yield, highest heterosis (77.28%) was recorded for the cross Ki 42 x CML 327 followed by Ki 42 x CML 0 (43.69) and Ki 42 x CML 324 (34.34%). For days to silk, maximum cross showed negative heterosis. Negative heterosis is desired for this character. It is interesting to note that the crosses which exhibited high heterosis for kernel yield also showed high negative heterosis for days to silk. Considering the overall performances of the crosses, the cross Ki 42 x CML 327 was selected as it showed the desired ear height, days to tassel, days to silk, kernel yield per plant, leaves per plant, ear length, kernel rows per ear, kernels per row and 1000-kernel weight. The other desired crosses were Ki 32 x CML 0, Ki 32 x CML 327, Ki 42 x CML 0 and Ki 42 x CML 324. The extent of superiority was observed for kernel yield per plant, days to silk, days to maturity and 1000- kernel weight.

Keywords: Heterosis, Maize, Combination

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1996

End Date: 00-00-1997

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

1. To estimate the heterosis of the F₁s over better parents and

2. To select the best cross combinations having higher heterosis.

Methodology:

Out of six inbreds, three viz. Ki 31, Ki 32 and Ki 42 were collected from the Kasetsart University, Thailand, and the remaining three viz. CML0, CML 329 and CML 327 were collected from CIMMYT (Mexico). The inbreds were crossed in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals in the rabi season of 1995-96 to produce 15 F₁s. In 1996-97, 15 F₁s along with six parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur. Each plot consisted of a single cow of 5 m long. The cows were spaced at 75 cm in which plant to plant distance was 25 cm. Recommended fertilizer, dose and management practices were applied. Data were recorded from ten randomly selected plants for plant height, ear height, days to tassel, days to silk, days to maturity, yield per, plant, leaves per plant, ear length, ear diameter, kernel rows per ear, kernels per row and 1000-kernel weight Heterosis was estimated. For each character, the mean values of the 15 F₁s have been compared with better parent (BP), the relative superiority being termed as heterosis. The significance test for heterosis was done using standard error of the value of better parent.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 27(4) : 687-693, December 2002.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Analysis of variance revealed wide variations among the parents, hybrids and parent x hybrid for almost all the characters studied. Mean sum of squares for parent x hybrid were significant for all the traits except days to maturity. The heterotic effects in F₁ generation over better patent are presented. The results showed that there was high heterosis for all the characters studied in maize. A comparison of heterosis for various characters revealed that the trend for heterosis was not necessarily the same for different characters of same crosses. Considering the overall performance, the cross Ki 42 x CML 327 was found to be superior as it showed the desired heterosis for ear height, days to tassel, days to silk, kernel yield per plant, leaves per plant, ear length, kernel rows per ear, kernels per row and 1000-kernel weight. The other desired crosses were Ki 32 x CML 0, Ki 32 x CML 327, Ki 42 x CML a and Ki 42 x CML 324, which expressed their superiority for kernel yield per plant, days to silk, days to maturity and 1000-kernel weight. Thus, heterosis breeding would be prospective for maize to bring out the desired improvement for different characters.

Knowledge Management: Journal