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Morphological Diversity of Eggplant (solanum Melongena) in Bangladesh

Ferdousi Begum
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Aminul Islam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M. Golam Rasul
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M. A. Khaleque Mian
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M. Mofazzal Hossain
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Morphological diversity in 92 eggplant genotypes based on twenty one characters was estimated using Mahalanobis’s D² statistics. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster VIII (2.13), containing seven genotypes and the lowest intra-cluster distance (1.18) was observed in cluster IV having four genotypes. Ninety two eggplant genotypes were grouped into ten different clusters by non-hierarchical clustering. The cluster X had the maximum number (17) of genotypes and cluster II and III had minimum number (3) of genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and VIII (30.86) indicated the genotypes in these clusters were more diverged than those of other clusters. The lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between the clusters V and X (3.72) suggesting a close relationship among the genotypes included within these clusters. Cluster II constitute three genotypes and produced the highest mean value for number of flowers per inflorescence (4.67) and yield per plant (812.33) and the lowest mean value days to 1^st flowering (108.22). Cluster IV constitute three genotypes namely EP-080, EP-081, EP-089 and produced fruits for longer duration (82.33). Cluster VIII constitute seven genotypes and showed the lowest mean value for number of infected shoots per plant (1.57). Cluster X established with 17 genotypes produced the lowest mean value for number of infected fruit per plant (8.26). Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster II, IV and VIII for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing which may produce new recombinants with desired traits.

Keywords: Eggplant, Genotypes, Genetic divergence, Multivariate, Cluster analysis, D2 statistics

Location: Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Brinjal

Objectives:

To characterize eggplant genotypes collected from different regions of Bangladesh and exotic sources to assess the genetic diversity within the germplasm.

Methodology:

Ninety two genotypes of indigenous and exotic eggplants collected from the Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) and Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) were studied to measure the diversity among the genotypes at the Field Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur. Genotypes of eggplant representing samples from different origins (local and exotic from AVRDC). The seeds of these germplasm were sown on the seedbed and thirty five days old seedlings were transplanted in the main field. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 7.5 × 0.70m and 10 plants were accommodated in a plot with a plant spacing of 75cm maintaining a row distance of 70cm. Data were recorded from five randomly selected plants from each plot for leaf blade length (cm), leaf blade width (cm), leaf blade lobing, leaf blade tip angle, leaf prickles, leaf blade color, petiol color, days to 1^st flowering, number of flowers per inflorescence, plant height at flowering stage (cm), plant breadth at flowering stage (cm), number of primary branches per plant, days to 1^stfruit setting, fruit length (cm), fruit breath (cm), fruit length / breath ratio, days to 1^stfruit harvest, duration of fruiting (days), number of healthy shoots per plant, number of infected shoots per plant, yield per plant (g). The selection of morphological characters was made by applying the IBPGR eggplant descriptor. Plot means over the replications were used for the statistical analysis. Genetic diversity was studied generalized distance (D²) extended. Based on the D² values, the genotypes were grouped into clusters following the method suggested by Tocher (Rao, 1952; Jager et al., 1983; Digby et al., 1989). Intra and inter cluster distances were calculated by the methods. Statistical analyses were carried out using GENSTAT 5 software.

Source of Information: Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (1): 45-51,

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i1.4937, http://www.ejfa.info/

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cluster II had the highest cluster mean for number of flowers per inflorescence, yield per plant and the lowest for days to first flowering. The cluster IV had the highest cluster mean for Plant breadth at first flowering, fruit length and duration of flowering. Cluster V had the highest cluster mean for fruit breadth and the lowest for number of infested shoots per plant. Cluster VIII had the highest cluster mean for number of primary branches per plant and the lowest for number of infested fruits per plant. So, hybridization between the genotypes of cluster II, IV, V and VIII will manifest maximum heterosis and create wide genetic variability for economic characters in eggplant. Considering cluster distance and cluster mean, the genotypes EP- 017 and EP- 039 from cluster II, genotypes EP- 089 from cluster IV, genotypes EP- 003 and EP- 091 from cluster V, genotypes EP- 011, EP- 021, EP- 047 and EP- 054 from cluster VIII may be considered as parents for future hybridization program.

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