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Genotype-environment Interaction in Growth Traits of Dairy Seed Calves Under Semi-intensive Production System

N.U. Siddiquee
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

S.M.A. Rahman
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.S.A. Bhuiyan
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A.K.M. Anisur Rahman
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A.K.F.H. Bhuiyan
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to evaluate the genotype - environment interaction in growth traits of crossbred dairy calves in peri-urban system of Mymensingh district. Birth weight, three-month weight, six-month weight, weaning weight, average daily gain, testis size, scrotal circumference and survival rate up to six months of age of a total of 280 dairy crossbred calves reared in 103 households which were comprised of three different genotypes: Friesian-Local (75% HF), Friesian-Local (62.50% HF) and Friesian-Local (50% HF), two sexes: male and female and three seasons: rainy, winter and summer and two environments: E₁_:Low input system, and E₂_:Medium input system were used. The effects of sex, genotype and season were non-significant (P>0.05) on the studied traits. The average weight at birth in E₁ was 19.94 kg and E₂ were 31.06 kg. At three months of age in E₁body weight was 53.85 kg and E₂weight was 64.19 kg. Average six month weight in E₁ was 71.39 kg and in E₂ it was 98.86 kg. Weaning period in E₁ was 116.92 days and in E₂ it was 240.74 days. The average daily gain in E₁ was 487.59 g/day and in E₂ was 496.04 g/day. The highest mean birth weight (31.07 kg) was found in Friesian - Local (75 % HF) calves in E₂. The highest 3-month weight (64.19 kg) was found in Friesian - Local (75 % HF). The highest six-month weight (98.86 kg) was found in Friesian - Local (75 % HF) in E₂. The highest average weight was (240.75 kg) at weaning period. The highest average daily gain (320.57 g / day) was found in Friesian - Local (75 % HF) in E₂. The highest birth period testis size (4.96 cm), at three-month (9.02 cm), six-month testis size (11.33 cm),weaning period testis size(13.50 cm) were found in Friesian - Local (75 % HF) male in E₂.The highest daily growth of testis size 0.310 mm/day found in Friesian - Local (75 % HF) male in E₂. The highest birth period scrotal circumferences (7.68 cm), at three month (12.68 cm), six-month scrotal circumferences (18.06 cm), at weaning period scrotal circumference (20.10 cm) were found in Friesian - Local (75 % HF) male in E₂. The highest daily growth of scrotal circumferences 0.28 mm/day found in Friesian - Local (62.50 % HF) male in E₂. The highest survival rate was 100 % which was found in Friesian - Local (50 % HF) cattle in both E₁ and E₂. The results of the study indicated that Friesian-Local (75% HF) genotype performed significantly better in environment two (E₂) for most of the studied traits whereas Friesian-Local (50% HF) performed better in environment one (E₁) only for survival rate meaning their suitability and thereby posing non-significant genotype - environment interaction (G×E) in the said peri-urban condition of Mymensingh district. So, in E₂Friesian-Local (75% HF) genotype and in E₁Friesian-Local (50% HF) would be appropriate for use to realize maximum performance.

Keywords: Genotype - Environment Interaction, Growth Traits, Seed Calves

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University Artificial Insemination Centre, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To evaluate the extent of genotype - environment interaction in growth traits of dairy seed calves under semi intensive production system in peri-urban areas.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the dairy cattle herds of peri urban farmers around 6-8 kilometer radius of Bangladesh Agricultural University Artificial Insemination Centre, Mymensingh which included two upazilas (Mymensingh Sadar and Gauripur (partially), nine unions (Baera, Bhabkhali, Ghagra, Akua, Char Iswardia, Char Nilakhshmia, Vangnamari, Dapunia (partial), Khagdahar (partial) and a total of 61 villages. Production environment in the study area was identified and stratified by criteria based on number of calves and level of concentrate feeding. In low input system (E₁) the numbers of animals ranged from 1 to 3 where less than 500g concentrate were supplied per animal per day. On the other hand, in medium input system (E₂) the numbers of animals were more than 4 and usually more than 1000 g concentrate were supplied per animal per day. Data were collected from dairy farmers’ herds using an in-depth monitoring of individual calves (mainly Holstein Friesian-Deshi crossbreds of different grades) where two different production environments were in existence (i) Low input system (E₁) and (ii) Medium input system (E₂). From the study area a total of 103 households were selected on the basis of availability of Local (Deshi) and Holstein crossbred calves of different grades. The data were divided into 2 groups according to above mentioned criteria representing E₁and E₂ respectively. Finally a total of 280 calves (141 in E₁and 139 in E₂) were included in this study from two different production environments. The genetic constitution of the calves was 75% Holstein Friesian (HF)-25% Local, 62.5% HF-37.5% Local, 50% HF-50% Local, and 100% Deshi. It was determined by the in-depth one-two-one interview regarding history of the animal’s dam (registered cow) and bull, the external shape of animal and phenotypic characters. The G×E interection in birth weight, growth performance, testicular development and survival rate of dairy crossbred calves were measured taking two environments into consideration described above. In this study, factorial analysis of variance (Mathur and Horst 1994) using a linear model, with an environmental factor, a genetic factor and interaction effect between the two factors, was fitted with genetic and interaction effects as random effects. The recorded data were entered into Microsoft Excel, then calculation of mean and standard error (SE) for each of the traits. Analysis of variance was done using GLM procedure under factorial design and means were compared using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Statistics 11.5, 2002) program.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. & Tech. 16 (1 &2): 149-158 (2012),ISSN 1029 - 8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the study indicate that Friesian - Local (75% HF) genotype performed significantly better in environment two (E₂) for most of the studied traits whereas Friesian - Local (50% HF) performed better in environment one (E₁) only for survival rate meaning their suitability and thereby non-significant genotype by environment interaction (G×E) in the said peri-urban conditions of Mymensingh district. So, in E₂Friesian - Local (75% HF) genotype and in E₁Friesian - Local (50% HF) would be the recommended genotype for use. The winter season is best for birth and average body weight and growth is best in summer.

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