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Effect of Fruit Trees on the Yield of Wheat Varieties in Upland Ecosystem

M. M. U. Miah
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706.

M. G. Miah
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted in the four years old orchards of Department of Agro forestry and Environment, BSMRAU, Gazipur during November to March at two consecutive cropping seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 to know the effect of Carissa carandas, Olea europaea, Psidium Guajava and Mangifera indica on the yield of three wheat varieties; Shatabdi (BARl Gam 21), Bijoy (BARl Gam 23) and Prodip (BARl Gam 24). Data on grain yield for each variety under each tree species at four orientations (East, West, North and South) and control (no trees) were collected. Results indicated that the highest wheat yield (222.6 g m^-2) was recorded in open field followed by C. carandas, M. indica, P. guajava and O. europaea. Grain yield at west orientation under C. carandas (220.2 g m^-2) and M. indica (198.1 g m^-2) were statistically similar to that of control plot (222.6 g m^-2), while yield of other orientations under each fruit trees as well as open field were significantly different. Among three varieties of wheat Prodip performed the best followed by Bijoy. Shatabdi showed the poorest performance. The combined effect of trees and varieties indicated that Shatabdi was affected severely over other varieties; and its yield reduction over control was 6.1, 31.1, 45.8 and 63.8 % under C. carandas, M. indica, P. guajava and O. europaea, respectively. Prodip was affected moderately and yield reduction was 6.4 - 49.3% while Bijoy was affected the minimum and yield reduction was 5.3 - 36.3% by different tree species. Under C. carandas and M. indica higher yield was recorded in Prodip followed by Bijoy. But, under P. guajava and O. europaea higher yield was recorded in Bijoy. The results revealed that in moderate shade of C. carandas and M. indica Prodip was more suitable, while Bijoy showed more yielding ability than Prodip in the heaviest shade of P. guajava and O. europaea.

Keywords: Fruit trees, Wheat varieties, Grain yield, Upland ecosystem

Location: Department of Agroforestry and Environment, BSMRAU, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-11-2009

End Date: 00-03-2011

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To see the tree effects on grain yield,

2. To identify the appropriate wheat variety for growing in association with respective fruit trees.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in the fruit- tree orchard of Department of Agro forestry and Environment, BSMRAU, Gazipur during November to March at two consecutive cropping seasons of 2009- 2010 and 2010-2011 to evaluate the performance of three wheat varieties. The experiment was laid out following a split plot design with two factorial arrangements. Two factors involved in the study were tree species; carunda (Carissa carandas), olive (Olea europaea), guava (Psidium guajava) and mango (Mangifera indica) in main plots and three wheat varieties; Shatabdi (BARI Gam 21), Bijoy (BARI Gam 23) and Prodip (BARI Gam 24) in sub plots. The orchards were established in 2006 and spacing of tree species was maintained 4 m X 4 m. Neighboring tree orchards were separated by five meters. Base diameter, canopy diameter, tree height and intercepted light intensity of carunda, mango, guava and olive were 5.70 cm, 1.7 m, 2 m and 80-90% PAR; 9.2 cm, 2.1 m, 2.6 m and 60-70 % PAR; 6.8 cm, 2.1 m, 3 m and 40-50 % PAR; 14.2 cm, 3.8 m, 5 m and 25-35 % PAR, respectively. Nutrient status of experimental field is shown. Total number of experimental plots was 45. The size of each unit plot was 4 m X 4 m. Thirty six plots were under tree canopy and nine plots in open field (control). A tree along with its adjoining area was considered as a plot. Each plot was divided into four orientation of tree as East, West, North and South. The above three wheat varieties were grown in three replications. Seeds were sown in the prepared field at 15 November during two consecutive years, 2009 and 2010. Recommended dose of fertilizer application, required irrigation and proper intercultural operations were done in time. Harvesting of wheat was done when it become matured. It was in the third week of March in two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011. Two years mean data on wheat yield (g m^-2) at different orientation of tree as well as open field were analyzed by analysis of variance. The means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2011) 15 (l &2): 39-46, ISSN: 1025-482X

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results revealed that under moderate shade of carunda and mango, Prodip performed the best and yield reduction was only 6.4 and 15.5 %, respectively, while yield reduction of Shatabdi and Bijoy under mango was 31.1 and 17.5 %, respectively. The minimum yield reduction under guava and olive was recorded for Bijoy (23.3 and 36.3 %, respectively) which was followed by Prodip (49.3 and 49.3 %, respectively). The maximum yield reduction (63.8 %) was recorded for Shatabdi under olive. The results indicated that for carunda and mango based agro forestry, Prodip was more suitable. On the other hand Bijoy was more suitable for guava and olive based agro forestry system followed by Prodip. The yield reduction of the wheat varieties grown under carunda and mango was 5.3-31.1%. Wheat yield reduced by 4-30% under Acacia nilotica. Azadirachta indica and Prosopis cineraria did not make any significant difference to wheat yield.

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