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Wind Energy Potential at the Coastal Regions of Bangladesh for Irrigation and Agricultural Application

Sultan Ahmmed
Farm Machinery and Post-Harvest Process Engineering Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. Quamrul Islam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The available wind data collected by the meteorological department of Bangladesh for a period 16 years on 20 stations at different height between 5m to 10m have been converted for the 20m hub-height using power law expression. In the coastal region, villages are remotely situated, therefore most of the village are not supplied with electricity, drinking water and irrigation facilities. Supplying electricity to these villages from far of grids and from inadequate generated electricity will not be economically feasible. Harnessing of wind energy by installing wind turbine can be a good solution to solve energy crisis problems of the coastal villages. The design of procedure of wind turbine water pumping system for irrigation and agricultural application consists of assessing water requirements, calculation of hydraulic energy for the system, determination of available wind energy at the region, sizing of wind pump, selection of a suitable system configuration, specifying the wind pump performance and construction. For a prospective regions of Bangladesh a design of wind turbine for water pumping has been performed based on the water requirement of that region. To present a generalized design for Bangladesh. a nomogram and an empirical relation have been developed for the rotor and the pump sizing for a particular region of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Wind Energy, Coastal Region, Agricultural

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To investigate the application of wind energy for water pumping in coastal regions of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The meteorological department of Bangladesh collects 3-hourly wind speed data with the help of vertical ax is cup type anemometers. These wind data for the period 1981-1996 of 20 stations were taken and monthly average speeds were computed for all the 20 stations. Wind velocity changes with height. The rate of increase of velocity with height depends upon the roughness of the terrain. Main applications of wind pumps in rural areas of developing countries are water supply for drinking and irrigation, with other limited end uses such as water pumping in fish breeding centres, salterns, etc. Water requirements for irrigation depend on a number of factors, which need to be carefully analyzed in order to optimize the wind pumping system to the given situation. Factors which have the most direct influence on the assessment of water requirements are; i) cropping system followed by the farmer; ii) crop water requirements under given climatic conditions; iii) type and condition of soil & iv) topography of the area. Empirical equation developed for wind pump rotor sizing is given below: HQ = C x D² x V³. Where, C = Constant (here, 8.47), HQ = Volume-Head product (m⁴/day), Q = Water requirement (m³/ day), H = Water tank height (m), D = Diameter of the rotor (m) & V = Average wind velocity (m/s). When the water requirement per day for a particular region is known, the following steps are carried out for finding the rotor size Sizing of the wind pump for Patenga, Bangladesh can be calculated using equation I, or more easily from the monogram given in by following steps. Step-I: Locate the volume-head product along the Y-axis on the graph on the left side. Step-2: Move horizontally right to intercept the line for the average wind velocity 5.91 rn/s. Step-3: Move downward to intercept the X-axis referring to the rotor diameter. Another way, sizing of the wind pump for Patenga, Bangladesh could be carried out using equation or more easily from the nomogram, if the average wind velocity (m/s) is known: Step-I: Locate the average wind velocity along the X-axis on the graph on the right side. In the case of the example, average wind velocity is taken as 5.91 m/s. Step-2: Move upwards to intercept the line for D =1 m . Step-3: Move horizontally left to intercept the Y-axis referring to the volume-head product. This results in HQ = 1748.42 m⁴/day. When selecting a wind pump from available commercial, designs, it might become necessary to alter the hub height to conform to standard designs. The diameter of the pump could be established from the supplier's catalogues, depending on the stroke adjustment scale and standard pump diameters.

Source of Information: 2nd BSME- ASME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, 2-4 January 2004, Dhaka

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Wind pumping could playa significant role in the supply of water for irrigation and drinking in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, provided there is a favourable match between the wind energy supply and the demand of water. There is a prospective site of wind pumping in many places of Bangladesh, namely, Patenga, Thakurgaon, Jessore etc. Bangladesh is neither rich in commercial resources of energy nor progressing satisfactorily in the area of wind energy. It is the appropriate time to expand research and development in the area of wind energy utilization for daily life.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings