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Somaclonal Variation of Nonirradiated and Irradiated Calli of Sugarcane (saccharum Officinarum L.)

Dr. M A Samad
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202

S Begum
CSO
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Protocol for induction of callus and regeneration of plants were established in 1994 through leaf sheath culture of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. Isd-16. Regenerated (R₁) plants were grown in the field for screening against red rot disease and waterlogged condition in the subsequent R₂- R₄ during 1995-1998. Selection was made on the basis of disease reactions and tolerance to waterlogged condition. In the R₄, three hills showed tolerance to waterlogged condition. In another set of experiments, calli of Isd-16 were treated with different doses of gamma rays (2-10 Gy) of which 768 R₁ individuals grew to maturity during 1995-1996. The maximum regeneration was observed in population treated with 3 Gy. Out of 768 plants, 50 grew to maturity. In 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 seasons R₂ and R₃ were raised for selection of delayed/ non-flowering type. Only five R₃ canes showed delayed flowering.

Keywords: Somaclonal Variation, Irradiated Calli, Saccharum officinarum

Location: Plant Tissue culture Labrotory, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculrure, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-1995

End Date: 00-00-1998

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sugarcane

Objectives:

To produce somaclonal variants resistant to red rot disease and waterlogged condition and also to select delayed/non flowering type of individuals.

Methodology:

The explants were taken from the growing point of leaf sheaths of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. Isd-16 and were surface sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol. The explants (5 x 3 cm) were then cultured on modified MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) as recommended by Heinz and Mee (1969) supplemented with 3.0 mg/ 12, 4-D and coconut water (10%) for callus induction. Fifteen to 20 days old calli were subcultured on the same midium for proliferation of calli. After three- four weeks of subcultruing, the calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/1 IAA and 2.0 mg/1 of Kn for shoot induction. For root initiation MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/1 NAA were used in combination with 70 g/ 1 of sucrose. Sucrose (20 g/1) was added for callus and shoot induction. For shoot and root induction, 12 hour photoperiod was maintained using fluorescent tube light. In all the instances, pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.6 . In the first set, two months old R₁ plants (without treatment with gamma rays) were planted at BINA farm, Mymensingh during 1994-95 for screening against red rot. Further selections were made in R₂, R₃ and R₄ in 1995-1996, 1996-1997 and 1997-1998, respectively. For screening against red rot disease R₂, R₃ and R₄ were grown in plant progeny rows at Ishurdi. Row to row and hill to hill distances were 100 cm and 30 cm, respectively. Artificial inoculation with red rot spore suspension was done on eight-nine months old canes in seedling stage by using the Plug method (Hutchinson 1978). In the second set, selection was made under waterlogged condition. For selection R₁ to R₄ individuals under waterlogged condition were grown at BINA farm, Mymensingh during 1994-1998. The experimental plots in each generation were kept under 30 cm (approx.) waterlogged condition for four-five months. Hills showing green leaves and moderate growth under this condition were selected. Data on cane height, number of tillers/ hill, diameter of cane, number of adventitious roots, brix content and disease reaction were recorded from all four generations.

In the three set, three-four weeks old calli obtained from the same variety were irradiated with eight different doses of gamma rays (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 Gy) to create variability in plants. Survival percentage of calli and numbers of shoots obtained from calli and frequency of regenerated plants were recorded. R₁ plants following treatment of calli with gamma rays were grown at BINA farm, Mymensingh during 1995-1996 for selecting delayed or non-flowering type of canes. Further selections were made in R₂ and R₃ generations. For selecting delayed or non-flowering type of canes, non-flowering individuals i.e. those which did not flower within two months from the period that their counterparts flowered, were considered to belong to this group.

Source of Information: Journal, Plant Tissue Cult. 10(1): 25-29, 2000

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Out of 768 plants, 50 grew to maturity. Only five R₃ canes showed delayed flowering.

Knowledge Management: Journal