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Observation on Some of the Environmental Parameters of Selected Shrimp Farms in Khulna, Bangladesh

M.A. Wahab
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh2202, Bangladesh

A. Bergheim
Rogaland Research, 2503 Ullandhaug, N-4004 Stavanger, Norway

B. Braaten
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), P. 0. Box 173 Kjelsaas, N-0411 Oslo, Norway

M.S. Islam
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh2202, Bangladesh

M.M. Rahman
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In recent years, the ecological degradation, loss of technological sustenance and other multidimensional consequences caused by shrimp farming have made the experts and authorities bound to rethink about the development of the industry. The present study describes the water and sediment quality, and culture and management techniques in five selected shrimp farms at Paikgacha, Khulna throughout a production cycle from March to September 1997. The water quality parameters were found to be more or less suitable throughout the cycle. The concentration of the limiting major nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and minor nutrients such as calcium and magnesium were satisfactorily high, concentrations of the organic matter content were also high. Remarkable negative correlation of shrimp production with secchi depth was observed among the farms. Production per cycle ranged between 273 kg/ha and as low as 63 kg/ha.

Keywords: Extensive shrimp culture, Water quality, Sediments.

Location: Paikgacha, Khulna

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To explore the culture methods followed by the shrimp farmers, the degree of management applied, the water and sediment quality parameters maintained during the farming cycle and the rate of production in relation to the inputs used.

Methodology:

The study area: The study was conducted at Paikgacha Thana in Khulna, a southwest district of Bangladesh. Paikgacha is a famous shrimp farming area with about one thousand small and large farms. Five farms located in different unions were selected for the present study. Among the selected farms, 3 were fed by the Kopotaksya River and the rest 2 by the Shibsa River. The farms are located in the medium saline zone according to salinity zonation. Shrimp farming techniques: After completion of paddy culture (from August to December), lands are ploughed and left to dry out for about a week in the sunshine. After ploughing the lands, agricultural lime (calcium carbonate, CaC0₃) is applied at the rate of 500-1000 kg/ha, which is usually followed by fertilization (after 7 to 10 days of liming) by organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer (cowdung) is applied at the rate of 1,000-3,000 kg/ha and inorganic fertilizers (urea: TSP = 1: 1) at the rate of 100 kg/ha. Water is introduced into the farm during the new moon or full moon, when there is a high tide. Water in the farm is usually supplied 3 to 5 days after fertilization. After 7 to 10 days of fertilization, shrimp fry are transferred from the nursery ponds to the farms. Farmers usually do not maintain particular stocking density, being affected by the availability of fry and financial status of the farmers. However, most farmers try to stock at a density of 20,000-25,000 PL per hectare (2 to 2.5 PL m^-2). Water quality parameters: Sampling for water quality parameters was done fortnightly to investigate the chemical parameters during the culture period. The parameters studied were temperature, transparency, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness, total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate nitrogen (N0₃-N), ammonia nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus (P0₄-P). Water samples were taken from at least three spots inside each farm; in addition, samples were also taken from inlet and outlet. Water temperature was recorded in the field by a Celsius thermometer. pH of water was measured by a pH-meter (JENW A Y3020). Dissolved oxygen was measured by a digital DO-meter (YSI58). Salinity of water was determined in the field by a salinity refractometer. TSS of water was determined. To determine the remaining chemical parameters, water was filtered by a hand filter set and accordingly preserved, brought to and analyzed at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Sediment quality parameters: Samples of sediments from the farms were collected and air-dried. Samples were analyzed for pH, total dry matter (T-DM), organic matter, ash, calcium, magnesium, kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total sulfur. Analyses of the accurately preserved samples of sediments were done at Rogaland Research, Stavanger, Norway. Production and yield: Data on the total production of individual farm as well as the production of each species of shrimp, and crab were collected from the farm record book of each farmer, and data on the production of white finfish were also obtained for each farm. All data represent a single production cycle. The total gross return at the end of a cycle is also recorded for each farm from the cash register of the farmer.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 5(1), 2001: 75-84

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The water quality parameters were found to be more or less suitable throughout the cycle. The concentration of the limiting major nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and minor nutrients such as calcium and magnesium were satisfactorily high, concentrations of the organic matter content were also high. Remarkable negative correlation of shrimp production with secchi depth was observed among the farms. Production per cycle ranged between 273 kg/ha and as low as 63 kg/ha.

Knowledge Management: Journal