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Growth and Yield of Gift (oreochromis Niloticus) and Thai Silver Barb (barbodes Gonionotus Bleeker) in Rice Fields and Their Effects on the Yield of Rice

M.J. Uddin
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S. Dewan
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Ashrafuzzaman
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M.M. Haque
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation into the growth and yield of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus) and Silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus) in rice fields and their effects on the yield. of rice was carried out in nine experimental rice plots. Three treatments viz., treatment-1 with 0. niloticus (T₁), treatment-2 with B. gonionotus (T₂) and treatment- 3 was kept as control (T₃, without fish) were used in this study. Fertilizers such as, Urea (178 kg ha^-1), T.S.P (125 kg ha^-1) and M.P. (67 kg ha^-1) were applied in each treatment. The fishes were stocked @ 6250 ha^-1 and the experiment was continued for a period of 107 days. The values of water quality parameters such as, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and chlorophyll-a were found within suitable level. Between the two species, higher specific growth rate was recorded in 0. niloticus than that of B. gonionotus. But B.gonionotus showed much higher survival (72%) than that of 0. niloticus (35%). Similar to survival, higher production (244 kg ha^-1) and income (Tk. 6399 ha^-1) were recorded in B.gonionotus than those of 0. niloticus (142.8 kg ha^-1 and Tk. 2137 ha^-1). Significant differences (p<0.01) in the yield of rice grain and straw were observed between the treatments with fish and without fish.

Keywords: GIFT, Thai silver barb, Integrated farming, Rice field

Location: Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University.

Start Date: 00-07-1997

End Date: 00-12-1997

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To Compare the water quality parameters viz., water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and chlorophyll-a in rice fields with and without fish.
To compare the growth and yield of 0. niloticus and B. gonionotus in rice fields.
To determine the suitable species for rice fish culture.
To determine the impact of fish culture in rice fields and the yield of rice.

Methodology:

Preparation and management of plot: The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University during July-December'97 in aman season. The facility consisted of nine experimental rice plots each comprising an area of 140 m²?. The experimental plots were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments viz., T₁, T₂ and T₃ each with three replications. In T₁ the plots were stocked with fingerlings of 0. niloticus, in T₂ the plots were stocked with fingerlings of B. gonionotus and T₃ was kept as control without fish. Dykes separating the plots were raised about 50 cm from the land. Small water channels (0.5 m width and 0.3 m depth) were made between the plots to supply water to them. A common inlet and outlet was provided on the dykes of each plot to regulate water depth. Metal screens were placed at the outlet and inlet to prevent entrance of wild fish as wells as escapement of stocked fish. A small ditch (1.5 x 1.5 x 0.5 m) was constructed at the low-lying area of each plot to provide refuge for fish during low water level and high water temperature. All the plots were fertilized with Urea, T. S. P. and M. P. @ 178 kg ha· 1 125 kg ha· 1and 67 kg ha^-1respectively. Forty five days old BR-10 rice seedlings were transplanted on 19 August'97 in alternate row spacing of 35 cm + 15 cm. The fingerlings of 0. niloticus were released in three replications of T₁ at a stocking density of 6250 ha^-1 15 days after rice transplantation. The fingerlings of B. gonionotus were released in three replications of T₂ at the same stocking density at the same date. T₃ was kept as control without fish to compare the variations of rice grain and straw yield with those stocked with fish. During the period of fish culture water level was maintained between 12-25 cm. Top dressing of Urea fertilizer was done in three occasions at equal amount on 12, 35 and 65 days after transplantation of rice seedlings. Only bird perches (3-4/plot) were placed in the plots aiming to reduce pest infestation. Harvesting of rice and fish: Rice was harvested after 107 days of transplanting. The representative samples of rice were taken from each plot from an area of 1 m 2 randomly. After threshing and sun drying, the weight of grain and straw of rice were taken plot-wise. Water was drained out slowly from the plots and the fishes were collected by hand picking. The fishes collected from each plot were counted and the number was recorded plot-wise. The total length and weight of individual fish was measured for 30 fishes from each plot. Estimation of growth of fish: To estimate the growth of fish, 10 fishes were sampled fortnightly with the help of a cast net from each plot. This was done at the time of minimum water level, when most of the fishes took shelter in the trench, then the cast net was spread manually to cover it. Then the length (cm) and weight (g) of individual fish were recorded separately with the help of a measuring scale and a electronic balance. Estimation of survival and yield of fish: The survival of fishes for each treatment and replication were estimated on the basis of number of fish harvested at the end of the experiment. The gross and net yield of fish for each treatment were determined by multiplying the average gain in weight of fish both in gross and net by the total number of fish survived in each treatment at the end of the experiment. Yield per plot were then converted to yields per ha. Yield of rice grain and straw: The total weight of dried grain and straw of rice per plot were calculated by multiplying the weight of the grain and straw obtained in per square meter of a particular plot with the total area of each plot. These yields of grain and straw data were then converted to yield per ha. Measurement of water quality parameters: Water quality parameters in rice fields such as, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and chlorophyll-a were measured once fortnightly. Water temperature (°C) and dissolved oxygen (mg l^-1) were measured with the help of a portable DO meter (YSI Model 58) and pH of water was determined with the help of a portable pH meter (Jenway, Model 3020). Chlorophyll-a was determined by using a spectrophotometer (Milton Roy Spectronic, Model 1001 Plus) after filtering water sample through Whatman filter paper ( 46 cm).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 5(1), 2001: 29-35

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Between the two species, higher specific growth rate was recorded in 0. niloticus than that of B. gonionotus. But B.gonionotus showed much higher survival (72%) than that of 0. niloticus (35%). Similar to survival, higher production (244 kg ha^-1) and income (Tk. 6399 ha^-1) were recorded in B.gonionotus than those of 0. niloticus (142.8 kg ha^-1 and Tk. 2137 ha^-1). However, between the two species of fish, B. gonionotus may be recommended for concurrent rice-fish culture for obtaining better yield and income out ofit.

Knowledge Management: Journal