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Effects of Farm Yard Manure on Cadmium and Lead Accumulation in Amaranth (amaranthus Oleracea L.)

Md. Alamgir
Associate Professor
Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong

M. G. Kibria
Professor
Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong

M.Islam
Assistant Professor
Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) on Cd and Pb accumulation by Amaranth. Six levels of FYM (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1) were applied to Cd and Pb treated soil separately in the pot experiments. The weight of the shoot and root of Amaranth significantly increased following the application of FYM to both Cd and Pb treated soil. The application of FYM in soil significantly decreased Cd and Pb content in Amaranth. Cadmium content in the shoot and root gradually decreased with the increase in level of FYM up to 20 t ha-1. On the other hand, FYM at 10 t ha-1 and above drastically reduced the Pb content in both parts of Amaranth. The contents of both Cd and Pb in the shoot and root of Amaranth showed a significantly negative correlation (r = -0.84 to - 0.87) with the rates of FYM applied to the soil.

Keywords: Farm yard manure, Heavy metal, Phytoremediation, Cadmium uptake, Lead (Pb) uptake.

Location: Chittagong University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Amaranth

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FYM on Cd and Pb absorption by Amaranth.

Methodology:

Pot experiments: Two pot experiments were carried out with Amaranth on sandy loam soil in the net house of the Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong. The soil was collected from the top 15 cm of an uncontaminated agricultural field of Syedpara at Hathazari Upazilla under Chittagong district of Bangladesh. Soil was air dried and ground to pass through a 2 mm sieve to separate dry roots, grasses and gravels, etc. A portion of the soil passed through 2 mm sieve was retained for laboratory analyses. In first pot experiment, each earthen pot was filled with 8 kg of soil. Cadmium was applied at 10 mg kg-1 soil in 18 pots in solution form as 3Cd (SO₄)2.8H₂O. Then FYM was mixed separately with the soil at the rate of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 ton ha-1 on air dry weight basis. Each treatment was replicated thrice. The pots were arranged in randomized block design. Second pot experiment was conducted similar to first experiment, however, instead of Cd,Pb was applied at 50 mg kg-1 soil in 18 pots in solution form as Pb (NO₃)2. Potted soils mixed with FYM, Cd and Pb were allowed to equilibrate for two weeks in moist condition prior to sowing of seeds. Nitrogen (as Urea), P (as TSP) and K (as MP) were applied in the pots (99 kg N, 18 kg P, 60 kg K ha-1 soil). Healthy and uniform seeds of Amaranth were sown in each pot. After two weeks of seedling emergence, five seedlings were kept in each pot and care was taken to keep uniform seedlings in the pots. Plants were harvested after five weeks of sowing seeds. Shoots and roots were separately collected. Roots were washed thoroughly with tap water first to remove adhering soil particles and then with distilled water. Oven dry (at 65°C to constant weight) weights of shoots and roots were recorded.

Plant analysis: Oven dried and ground plant samples were digested with a tri-acid mixture (HNO₃, H₂SO₄and HClO₄ mixture at the ratio of 5:1:2) for the determination of Cd and Pb content in the plant tissues (Huq and Alam, 2005). The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the plant digests were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Data analysis: Significance of differences among the treatments was evaluated by one way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at the significance level of p< 0.05. Pearson’s correlation of both Cd and Pb in the shoot and root of Amaranth was determined with the rates of FYM applied to the soil.

Source of Information: Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 2(8), pp. 237-240, August 2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Farm yard manure can be a very effective amendment to reduce the accumulation of Cd and Pb in Amaranth and other crops growing on Cd and Pb contaminated soils. Further research in field condition is needed to fully understand the effects of FYM on crop Cd and Pb accumulation.

Knowledge Management: Journal