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Shrimp Cultivation with Water Salinity in Bangladesh: the Implications of an Ecological Model

Md. Mizanur Rahman
Department of Social Work, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh

Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis
Faculty of Economics, Vilnius University, Lithuania

Leslie Sue Lieberman
Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA

Mrs. Tahmina Akhtar
Institute of Social Work and Research, Dhaka University, Bangladesh

Vaida Taminskienė
Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, LT-03101, Vilnius University, Lithuania

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Despite unplanned and haphazard expansion of shrimp cultivation that immensely affects on the coastal regions of Bangladesh, the exploration of its adverse effects has not received significant attention from the researcher community yet. There were few researches and studies in Bangladesh conducted to elicit the colossal effects of shrimp production at different times that did not particularize its focus on proposing an ecological design of shrimp production. In order to elicit the concomitant impacts and propose an ecological model of shrimp cultivation based on secondary data, the present study was conducted by applying ‘Systematic Review and Content Analysis’ as research method. The study findings manifest that the continuous and unregulated shrimp farming has immense impacts on human health, ecology, environment and sustainability though few of them directly benefit the shrimp farmers and the people who live around them. The extensive farming systems negatively expedite the processes: infringement of mangroves, intrusion of salinity, degradation of land, de-stabilization of coastal ecosystems. The major socio-economic effects challenge the patterns of livelihood pattern, displacement of family and social structure, internal migration, and livestock. The coastal regions suffer from environmental degradation due to increased salinity of soil, canals and ponds within dams, reduction in grazing field and livestock, changes in the cropping calendar and its pattern, bio-diversity. Ecological aspects and sustainability are also overlooked during the shrimp cultivation. In conclusion, proper implementation of the resilient strategies designed in an ecological model can minimize the adverse effects on the coastal dwellers and local environment, and improve the unplanned shrimp cultivation process in similar areas of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Water Salinity, Impact/Effect, Public Health, Ecology, Biodiversity,

Location: Coastal regions, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To assess the various impacts of unplanned shrimp cultivation with water salinity on the local peoples’ lives, livelihood and health, livestock, ecology and ecosystems, bio-diversity, environment and sustainability
To propose an ecological model of shrimp cultivation for minimizing its worse impact on the coastal regions in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The main purpose of this research is to assess the various impacts of unplanned shrimp cultivation with water salinity on the local peoples’ lives, livelihood and health, livestock, ecology and ecosystems, bio-diversity, environment and sustainability as well as to propose an ecological model of shrimp cultivation for minimizing its worse impact on the coastal regions in Bangladesh. The present study has been accomplished based on secondary data from the studies already conducted on the effects of shrimp farming with water salinity in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. ‘Systematic Review’ and ‘Content Analysis’ have been applied as methods of the study. ‘Inclusion Criteria’ of the systematic review method has been followed as technique of identifying the key materials for review.’ The procedures of content analysis such as selection of useful contents, identification of sources, coding, unit of analysis, and strength of content intensity have been adopted to interpret the relevant findings in the study. Few key words: shrimp farms with water salinity, brackish water shrimp, effects of shrimp cultivation, sustainable shrimp farming, economic evaluation of shrimp farms (Gher) and shrimp farming systems with water salinity been used as to searching materials from websites, different books, articles, research reports, and print medias. Statistical records, survey archives and written documents of document study are used to collect secondary data from the materials selected for the study.

Source of Information: Universal Journal of Public Health 1(3): 131-142, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Unplanned Shrimp cultivation has multifarious impact in terms of salinity increase on soil, adverse effects on population health, destroying bio-diversity and ecosystems, environmental changes, and imbalance in sustainability. In spite of the negative impacts, the economic importance of shrimp cannot be overlooked for a developing country like Bangladesh. Proper management and planning by framing an ‘Ecological Model’ can give a sustainable growth and benefit of shrimp cultivation, stop the trends of water pollution and destruction of sensitive coastal habitats, lessen the ongoing threats to aquatic biodiversity, and balance the significant socio-economic costs against the direct economic benefits or earning from the shrimp cultivation. Apart from the implications of the proposed ecological model, the steps should be adopted for accrediting the need of future achievements by shrimp farming in Bangladesh: Granting a certification of sustainability (concerning ecological, economic and social factors) for the shrimp cultivation farms where a correct planning had been realized; Sensitizing the leading importers in order to encourage shrimp importation exclusively from certified farms; advising leading food brands to publicize the exclusively usage of shrimps from certified farms in their merchandise; Educating customers in order to influence consumer’s behavior towards assumption of shrimps from certified farms; Alerting international organizations in order to launch protection programs in the critical geographic areas.

Knowledge Management: Journal