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Effects of Farm Yard Manure and Lime on Cadmium Uptake by Rice Grown in Two Contaminated Soils of Chittagong

M. G. Kibria
Professor
Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong

K. T. Osman
Professor
Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong

M. J. Ahammad
Research Fellow
Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong

Md. Alamgir
Associate Professor
Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of farm yard manure (FYM) and lime (calcium carbonate) on reducing the uptake of Cd by rice in two Cd contaminated soils of Chittagong. The effects of farm yard manure, lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime (FYM + Lime) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth, Cd uptake by rice and 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd in soil were investigated. Results showed that addition of lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime significantly decreased 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd in the city sewage soil. Application of farm yard manure significantly decreased Cd concentration in rice in the city sewage soil. Lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime significantly reduced Cd concentration in rice in both the contaminated soils. Lime was more efficient than farm yard manure in reducing the uptake of Cd by rice.

Keywords: Farm yard manure, Lime, cadmium, Rice, Contaminated soil.

Location: Chittagong University

Start Date: 01-11-2009

End Date: 30-04-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of farm yard manure and lime (calcium carbonate) on bioavailability of Cd, and the effects of farm yard manure and lime on Cd uptake by rice in two contaminated soils of Chittagong.

Methodology:

Materials and Methods:

Collection and Processing of Soils:Soils from two sites in Chittagong City, contaminated by city sewage and wastes from a cement factory, respectively, were selected for this study. The surface soils (0-15 cm) of each contaminated site were sampled, air dried, ground and passed through a 2 mm sieve prior to laboratory analysis and a pot experiment. The contaminated soils were mixed with the following amendments and then transferred to earthen pots for the pot experiment. The treatments were (1) control (no amendments), (2) farm yard manure (20 tons ha-1), (3) lime as calcium carbonate (20 tons ha-1) and (4) farm yard manure mixed with lime (FYM + lime) (FYM 20 tons ha-1 + lime 20 tons ha-1). 8 kg of soil was placed in each pot. Each treatment was replicated three times and arranged in a net house using a randomized complete block design (RCBD).

Pot Experiment: Four uniform, 30 day old seedlings of a high yielding variety (BR 29) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were transplanted into each pot. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur were added at the rate of 110, 25, 60 and 15 kg ha-1respectively, from the corresponding fertilizers urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and zinc sulfate. At maturity, rice plants were harvested just above the soil surface and separated into straw and rice grain. Soil samples were collected from each pot using a stainless-steel tube auger. The soil samples were air dried, ground to pass through a 2 mm sieve, and stored for subsequent analysis for 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd concentrations. Roots were collected carefully and washed thoroughly with tap water first to remove adhering soil particles and then with distilled water. Straw was also washed to remove dust particles. Root, straw and grains were oven dried at 65 ? for 72 hours to a constant weight. After recording dry weights of grain, straw and root, the samples were ground in a stainless steel mill to pass through a 0.3 mm sieve and stored in paper bags for chemical analysis.

Soils and Plant Analysis: Physico-chemical properties of soils were determined by standard methods [18, 19]. The bioavailability of Cd in the soils was assessed after extraction with 0.1 M HCl [20]. Oven dried (65 ? to constant weight) and ground plant samples were digested with a tri-acid mixture (HNO3, H₂SO₄ and HClO₄ mixture at the ratio of 5:1:2) for the determination of Cd in the plant tissues [21]. The concentrations of Cd in the extracts and digests weremeasured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian Spectra AA 220).

Data Analysis: Significance of differences between the means of the amendments was evaluated by a one way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the significance level of P < 0.05.

Source of Information: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, ISSN 1939-1250, USA, 5(3), 352-358,2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The application of lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime significantly decreased 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd concentrations in city sewage soil and significantly reduced the concentration of Cd in grain, straw and roots of rice in both city sewage soil and soil with wastes from cement factory. It was also revealed that lime was more efficient than farm yard manure in reducing the availability of Cd in soil as well as reducing its uptake by rice in these two contaminated soils of Chittagong. Further research in field condition is needed to fully understand the effects of liming and farmyard manure on crop Cd concentration.

Knowledge Management: Journal