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Effects of Poultry Manure, Household Waste Compost and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Maize (zea Mays L.)

N. Hossain
Assistant Professor
Department of Soil Science University ofChittagong

M. G. Kibria
Professor
Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong

K. T. Osman
Professor
Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To observe the comparative effects of poultry manure, household waste compost and fertilizers on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.), this experiment was conducted in the crop field of the Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh during Rabi season in 2010-2011. There were ten treatments, one control and nine fertilizer combinations. In three separate treatments, NPK, household compost and poultry manure were applied alone. In three treatments, NPK and compost were used in different proportions. In three other treatments, NPK and poultry manure were combined together.The results indicated that all the fertilizer treatments improved growth as shown by the number of leaves, length of root and shoot, dry weights of root and shoot. Better growth under fertilizer treatments resulted in higher yield of the crop. But there were significant differences among the fertilizer treatments. For example, the highest yield (6.65 t ha^-1) was obtained in the treatment with poultry manure alone and with 25% NPK + 75% poultry manure. These two treatments increased yield of maize by 579 percent over the control (no fertilizer). NPK alone (120 kg N, 60 kg P and 80 kg K) also increased yield but by 309 %. The treatment 50% NPK + 50% poultry manure increased yield by 499 %.

Keywords: Yield, Poultry manure, Maize, Growth compost.

Location: Chittagong University

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

To determine the optimum rate of poultry manure, household waste compost or their combination with inorganic fertilizers and their effect on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.).

Methodology:

Field Experiment: A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of Maize (Zea mays L.) during Rabi season in 2010-2011 at the Crop Field of the Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong. Thirty experimental plots (2.2 m x 2.2 m) separated by 0.5 m margins were prepared in three adjacent blocks in the crop field. There were ten plots in each block for the ten treatment combinations comprising of poultry manure (PM), household waste compost and inorganic fertilizers- T₁(Control), T₂(NPK alone @ 120 kg N ha-1, 60 kg P ha-1 and 80 kg K ha-1), T₃ (Compost alone @ 30 t ha-1 ), T₄ (25% NPK+75% compost i.e. 30 kg N ha-1, 15 kg P ha-1 and 20 kg K ha-1 + 22.5 t ha-1 compost), T₅ (50% NPK+50% compost i.e.60 kg N ha-1, 30 kg P ha^-1 and 40 kg K ha-1+ 15 t ha-1 compost), T6 (75% NPK+25% compost i.e. 90 kg N ha-1, 45 kg P ha-1 and 60 kg K ha^-1 +7.5 t ha-1 compost), T₇(PM alone @30 t ha-1), T₈ (25% NPK+75% PM i.e. 30 kg N ha-1, 15 kg P ha^-1 and 20 kg K ha-1 + 22.5 t ha-1 PM), T₉ ( 50% NPK+50% PM i.e.60 kg N ha-1, 30 kg P ha-1 and 40 kg K ha- 1+ 15 t ha-1 PM), T₁₀ (75% NPK+25% PM i.e. 90 kg N ha-1, 45 kg P ha-1 and 60 kg K ha-1 +7.5 t ha-1 PM). The treatments were arranged according to a randomized complete block design. Nitrogen in the form of urea was applied in 3 splits. One-third of nitrogen fertilizer (i.e. urea) was applied as basal dose before sowing, the 2nd dose was given after one month of sowing and the third installment was given at the flowering stage. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were also applied as basal. All of poultry manure and kitchen composts were applied basal at the final stage of soil preparation. Maize variety Hybrid Corn seed 984 Gold (984 F-1 Hybrid Thailand) was used in the experiment. The seeds were sown in lines 75 cm apart with seed to seed distance of 25 cm. In each point two seeds were sown. Seeds were sown at a depth of 2.5 cm below surface. Seedlings emerged after 6 to 7 days after sowing. One healthy seedling was retained in each point. There were finally eighteen plants in each plot. Irrigation was applied as and when necessary. The experimental plot was kept free of weeds by regular weeding. Plant height and number of leaves were recorded at 30, 60, 90 days after seedling emergence. The fruits were harvested when they were fully mature and turned to deep yellow colour after about four months. Dry weights of shoot and root, number of cobs and grain yield was recorded after harvest.

Statistical Analysis: The significance of differences between the means of the treatments was evaluated by one way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the significance level of 5%.

Source of Information: IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), Volume 3, Issue 2 (Sep-Oct. 2012), PP 38-43

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of poultry manure, household waste compost and NPK fertilizers alone or in combination in the poorly fertile soil of the crop field of the Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, enhanced growth and yields of maize. Ten treatments were applied and on the basis of growth and yield the treatments can be ranked as T₇ (Poultry manure alone) = T₈ (25% NPK+ 75% Poultry manure) > T₉(50% NPK+ 50% Poultry manure) >T₁₀(75% NPK+ 25% Poultry manure) > T₄ (25% NPK+ 75% Compost) > T₃ (Compost alone) >T₅ (50% NPK+ 50% Compost) > T₆ (75% NPK + 25% Compost) > T₂ (NPK alone) > T₁ (control). However, the compost prepared from the household wastes also gave satisfactory yields.

Knowledge Management: Journal