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Use of Soybean as Partial Substitute of Fish Meal in the Diets of Rohu, Labeo Rohita (ham.) Fry

D. A. Jahan
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

L. Hussain
Dept. of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. A. Islam
Dept. of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. M. Khan
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

A. Nima
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur-3602, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted in a static indoor rearing system in 12 glass aquaria to investigate the possibility of using soybean meal protein in lieu of fishmeal as dietary protein source for Labeo rohita fry. Four iso-nitrogenous (30% protein) and iso-caloric (19 kJ/g GE) experimental diets were prepared as: diet 1 (100% fishmeal protein), diet 2 (75% fishmeal protein + 25% soybean meal protein), diet 3 (50% fishmeal protein + 50% soybean meal protein) and diet 4 (25% fishmeal protein + 75% soybean meal protein) and were fed to triplicate groups of 10 fish (per aquarium). Fish were fed two times daily at a rate of 5% of their body weight during the entire experimental period. The feeding ration was adjusted every 10^th day through sampling of fish. Growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in fish fed with diet 2, but those were similar to the diets 1 and 3. Analysis of proximate composition of the whole fish fed with different diets did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). The growth rates, FCR and PER as obtained from the different treatments indicate that fishmeal protein could be replaced up to 50% by soybean meal protein in the diet of L. rohita fry without supplementation of amino acids.

Keywords: Rohu (Labeo rohita), Fishmeal, Soybean meal, Growth, Feed utilisation

Location: Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-08-2004

End Date: 00-09-2004

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity:

Objectives:

i) To evaluate the suitability of commercially available soybean meal as a partial substitute for fishmeal.

ii) To the potential dietary ingredients for developing a cost effective supplemental feed for the fingerlings of an Indian major carp, L. rohita.

Methodology:

The feeding trial was conducted in the Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for 60 days during August and September, 2004. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric (19 kJ/g GE) experimental diets viz. diet 1 (100% fishmeal protein), diet 2 (75% fishmeal protein + 25% soybean meal protein), diet 3 (50% fishmeal protein + 50% soybean meal protein) and diet 4 (25% fishmeal protein + 75% soybean meal protein) were prepared to contain 30% protein and 11% lipid without amino acid supplementation. Diet 1 was used as a control. Fishmeal and roasted soybean flour were used as the main sources of protein. Dextrin (starch) was used as the source of carbohydrate and carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC) was used as binder. Diets were referred to by two numbers separated by a ‘/’, the first and second number being percent of fishmeal protein and soybean meal protein, respectively. All dry ingredients were ground finely and sieved. After sieving, all the required amounts of dry ingredients along with the vitamin premix were weighed of the experimental diets. Proximate composition of diet ingredients and formulated diets were analyzed following AOAC methods. After thorough mixing of the major ingredients, soybean oil was gradually added to the dry feed. Enough water was added to make it a stiff dough. The mixture was passed through a hand pelleting machine to obtain pellets using 3 mm die and pellets were dried in an oven at 40 ºC for 24 hours. The pellets were then crushed and sieved to obtain the particle size of 500 µm. All the diets were packed separately in airtight plastic bags and were labeled and stored in a deep freeze. The experiment was conducted in a static indoor rearing system consisted of a series of glass aquaria. Twelve glass aquaria (44 × 24 × 24 cm³) each having 25 L capacity were used for the growth trial. The source of water was deep tubewell. Continuous artificial aeration was provided to maintain an adequate level of dissolved oxygen in water of all the glass aquaria. Natural photoperiod of 12 h light and 12 h dark was maintained throughout the experiment. Water quality parameters such as pH, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were maintained within acceptable ranges for rohu through uneaten feed and faeces removal, regular partial water change and proper care. Twenty days old (average weight 0.86 -+ 0.03 g) L. rohita fry were collected from Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute and acclimatized to the laboratory conditions and fed with a mixture of rice bran and mustard oil cake (1:1) for 7 days prior to commencement of the experiment. treatment had three replications and the experiment was conducted for 60 days. The fish were individually weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Fish were fed the experimental diets two times daily at 09:00 and 15:00 h at a fixed feeding rate of 5% body weight during the entire experimental period. The feeding quantity was readjusted at every 10^th day on the basis of actual average weight of the fish. Uneaten feed was removed by siphoning 1h after each feeding. Water in each aquarium was partially replaced twice daily during the removal of uneaten feed or faeces. At the onset of the experiment, from the lots of collected fish, 10 fish were analyzed for initial carcass composition. At the termination of the experiment, all fishes were weighed individually and nine fish were taken from each replication for determination of whole body composition and histological study of the liver. Whole fish body were analyzed following AOAC methods. Water quality parameters were analyzed according to APHA. Specific growth rate (SGR), % weight gain, food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 10 (2): 68-76 (2012), ISSN-1729-5211

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Soybean meal protein has one of the best amino acid profiles to meet the high protein requirement, although with some limitations. The results of the present study indicate that soybean meal can be a promising ingredient that could substitute fishmeal in the diet of L. rohita fry up to 50% without amino acid supplementation.

Knowledge Management: Journal