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Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield, and Juice Quality and Residual Effects on Ratoon Crops of Sugarcane

S. M. Bokhtiar
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Pabna, Bangladesh

G. C. Paul
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Pabna, Bangladesh

K. M. Alam
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Pabna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were carried out for three consecutive years (2003-2006) at Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute farm soil on plant (first crop after planting) and subsequent two ratoon crops of sugarcane. The main objectives of the study were to assess the direct and residual effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield, and juice quality of plant and ratoon crops. The plant crop consisted of four treatments. After harvesting of plant crop to evaluate the residual effects on ratoon crop the plots were subdivided except the control plot. Thus, there were seven treatments in the ratoon crop. Application of recommended fertilizer [nitrogen (N₁₅₀), phosphorus (P₅₂), potassium (K₉₀), sulfur (S₃₅), and zinc (Zn₃) kg ha^-1] singly or 25% less of it either with press mud or farmyard manure (FYM) at 15 t ha^-1 produced statistically identical yield ranged from 67.5 to 69.0 t ha^-1 in plant crop. In the ratoon experiment when the recommended fertilizer was applied alone or 25% less of its either with press mud or FYM at 15 or even 7.5 t ha^-1 again produced better yield; it ranged from 64.8 to 69.2 in first ratoon and 68.2 to 76.5 t ha^-1 in second ratoon crops. Results showed that N, P, K, and S content in leaf progressively decreased in ratoon crops over plant crop. Juice quality parameters viz. brix, pol, and purity % remained unchanged both in plant and ratoon crops. Furthermore, organic carbon (C), available N, P, K, and S were higher in post harvest soils that received inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic manure than control and inorganic fertilizer treated soil. It may be concluded that the application of 25% less of recommended fertilizer (N₁₁₂, P₄₀, K₆₈, S₂₆, and Zn_2.25 kg ha^-1) either with press mud or FYM at 15 t ha^-1 was adequate for optimum yield of plant crop. Results also suggest that additional N (50% extra dosage) keeping all other fertilizers at the same level like plant crop i.e. N₁₆₈, P₄₀, K₆₈, S₂₆, and Zn_2.25 kg ha^-1 either with press mud or FYM at 7.5 t ha^-1 may be recommended for subsequent ratoon crops to obtain good yield without deterioration in soil fertility.

Keywords: Residual, Organic, Inorganic fertilizer, Yield, Juice quality, Soil fertility, Plant, Ratoon, Sugarcane

Location: Pabna district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2003

End Date: 00-00-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Sugarcane, Organic fertilizer

Objectives:

To study the direct effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield, and juice quality of plant crop and their residual effects on succeeding ratoon crops of sugarcane.

Methodology:

Field experiments on plant and subsequent two ratoon crops were conducted in Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm soil at Ishurdi, Pabna under the High Ganges River Floodplain soils of Bangladesh. It is in the Ishurdi series, Typic Eutrochrepts and Agro-ecological Zone (AEZ) 11. The climate of this area is tropical. The soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected from experimental plots, air-dried, and passed through 2 mm sieve. The soil was a calcareous, loamy in texture containing sand, silt, and clay 52.84, 34 and 13.16%, respectively with pH 7.6, organic carbon (C) 0.65%, and total N, P, K, and S 0.06%, 16,58.5, and 20 μg g^-1of soil, respectively. An experiment on plant crop was conducted during 2003-2004 season. The experiment comprised of four treatment combinations. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP), gypsum, and zinc sulfate were used as the source of N, P, K, S, and Zn, respectively. Press mud and FYM were used as the source of organic manure. The full amount of TSP, gypsum, zinc sulfate, one third of MOP, press mud, and FYM were applied in trenches and thoroughly mixed with soil prior to settlings transplantation. Irrigation was applied just after planting of settlings. The N fertilizers were applied in three equal splits; first after establishment of setts, i.e., 20 days after planting (DAP), second at tiller completion stage (90 DAP), and third at grand growth phase (180 DAP). Rest amounts of MOP were applied as top dressing at 90 DAP and 180 DAP like N fertilizer. This experiment on first ratoon crop was carried out during 2004-2005 cropping season after harvesting of plant cane grown in 2003-2004. Second ratoon crop was raised in 2005-2006 cropping season after harvest of first ratoon grown in 2004-2005. After harvesting of plant crop, the plots were split except the control plot.Thirty day-old single-bud sugarcane setts raised in small polythene bag were transplanted on December 22, 2003. Each plot had an area of 12 m x 10 m in which 12 rows of cane were planted at an inter-row spacing of 1 m and 0.45 m interplant spacing. The sugarcane variety Isd 20 was used as test crop in the experiment. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the treatment differences were adjudged by least significant difference (LSD) test. Juice quality of plant and ratoon crop was estimated from randomly selected ten canes of each replication. Brix, pol, and purity % were analyzed prescribed in Queensland Laboratory Manual.

Source of Information: Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31: 1832-1843, 2008; ISSN: 0190-4167

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the results showed that application of full dose of inorganic fertilizer alone (N₁₅₀, P₅₂, K₉₀, S₃₄, and Zn₃ kg ha^-1) or 25% less of inorganic fertilizer (N₁₁₂, P₄₀, K₆₈, S₂₆, and Zn_2.5 kg ha^-1) in combination with organic manners i.e. press mud or FYM at 15 t ha^-1 was adequate for optimum yield of plant crop (first crop after planting). Furthermore, it was revealed that when plant crops are grown following full doses of inorganic fertilizer, the P, K, and S doses may be reduced by 25% from inorganic fertilizer in subsequent first and second ratoon crops of sugarcane. Alternatively when plant crops are grown with 25% less of inorganic fertilizer along with organic manners at 15 t ha^-1, organic manures may be reduced by 50%, i.e., 7.5 t ha^-1 in subsequent first and second ratoon crops of sugarcane. Therefore, to maintain soil fertility as well as higher yield of plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane, integration of inorganic fertilizer, and organic manure would be beneficial.

Knowledge Management: Journal