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Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on Plant Crop and Successive First and Second Ratoon Crops of Sugarcane in Bangladesh

S. M. Bokhtiar
Division of Soils and Nutrition, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna, Bangladesh

K. Sakurai
Laboratory of Soil & Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were carried out with the objectives to reduce the yield gap of plant and subsequent ratoon crops, evaluate juice quality, as well as soil properties. A 3-year field experiment was utilized to assess the use of organic materials and inorganic fertilizers on plant and subsequent ratoon crops. The organic materials included press mud, farmyard manure (FYM), and green manure (OM) of Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncear; the fertilizers were urea, triple superphosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP), gypsum, and zinc sulphate. Farm yard manure was applied at a rate of 15 t ha^-1 accompanied with a chemical fertilizer (NI78Ps3Ks4S26Zn2.6kg ha^-1), which produced yield of 108.4, 96.8, and 73.5 t ha^-1 in plant cane, first, and second ratoon crops, respectively. Cane yields in the first were recorded in plant cane first and second ratoon crops, respectively. Cane yields in the first and second ratoon crops were 89.3 and 67.8% of plant crop, respectively. Juice quality parameters viz., Brix, pol and purity percent progressively increased in ratoons crops as compared to corresponding plant cane. The organic carbon, total N, and available P, K, & S contents of soils increased slightly due to incorporation of organic materials. The result of the study revealed that 25% reduction of inorganic fertilizer with FYM or press mud at 15 t ha^-1 in plant cane and addition of 50% more N with same amount of fertilizer suggested for plant cane showed better yield and improved juice quality in first and second ratoon crops of sugarcane.

Keywords: Inorganic, Organic, Fertilizers, Ratoon, Tiller, Millable cane, Yield, Fertility, Saccharum officinarum

Location: Ishurdi (Pabna), Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2001

End Date: 00-00-2004

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Sugarcane

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of application of combined use of organic materials and inorganic fertilizers,
To minimize the yield gap of plant and subsequent ratoon crops, and
To examine their effect on soil properties as well.

Methodology:

Field experiments were carried out in three consecutive cropping seasons of 2001 to 2004 in the Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute farm soil (Typic Eutrochrepts) at Ishurdi, Palma (24°8' N latitude and 92°5' E longitude) having sub-tropical humid climate. After harvest of plant crop (PC) grown in 2001- 2002, first ratoon crop (RCI) was raised from left over stubbles of harvested plant cane in the following year 2002-2003 and subsequently second ratoon crop (RCII) was raised in 2003-04 cropping season after harvest of first ratoon. The soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from experimental plots, air-dried and passed through a 2-mm sieve. The soil was a calcareous silt loam containing sand, silt and clay at the rate of 22,55, and 23%, respectively with pH 8.0. The soil had 0.64% OC, total N 0.06%, 8.0 μg g^-1 available P, 0.19 cmol (p+) kg^-1 exchangeable K, 30 p,g g^-1 available S, and 0.9 μg g^-1 Zn contents. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil was 14.0 cmol (p⁺) kg^-1. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Urea, triple superphosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP), gypsum, and zinc sulphate was used as sources of N, P, K, S, and Zn, respectively. FYM, press mud and green manuring of Sunhemp iCrotalaria juncea) were used as organic manure. The number of tillers was counted at 120 DAP and that of millable cane stalks at harvest. Leaf samples (3rd-5th) from top of plant cane stalks were collected from the sampled cane and separated into leaf blade and leaf sheath. Midribs were excluded from leaf blade and samples were dried at 65⁰C and milled for nutrient analysis. Harvesting date varied with year depending on weather. Plant crop was harvested Nov. 15, 2002, first ratoon crop on Dec. 9, 2003, and Second ratoon crop on Jan. 8, 2005. Juice quality was estimated in randomly selected ten canes from each replication. The Following parameters were recorded from the extracted juice. Brix: it refers to the solubel solids present in cane juice. Brix was measured using a hydrometer and standardized at 20⁰C. Plo: It refers to the percentage of sucrose content in Juice. Juice was purfied by adding lead sub acetate in the flask, juice was poured through Whatman 42 filter paper in a funnel. The filterred juice was poured into a pol tube fitted inside an ADP-220 polarimeter and the pol reading was recorded. Purity: It refers to the ratio of suceose content to the soluble solids in juice. The per cent purity was calculated fromt he dividing of pol per cent by corrected brix and multiplied by 100.

Source of Information: Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30: 135-147, 2007; ISSN: 0190-4167

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of the study suggest that application of 25% less than recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (N₁₃₈ P₄₀ K₄₀ S₂₀ Zn₂ kg ha^-1) with FYM or press mud at 15 t ha^-1 for plant crop and 50% more N in addition to other fertilizers applied to the plant crop for the first and second ratoon crop might be required for obtaining higher yield of sugarcane without deterioration of soil fertility.

Knowledge Management: Journal