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Distribution, Prevalence and Intensity of Protozoan and Monogenean Parasites of Carp Fingerlings in Selected Nursery Ponds

M.K. Hossain
Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A.T.A. Ahmed
Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

M.H. Khan
Fresh water Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh 2201

J.S.M. Rafiquzzaman
Fresh water Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh 2201

F. Begum
Palli Daridra Bimochon Foundation, Mymensingh

M. A. Islam
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out on the distribution, prevalence and intensity of infestation of protozoan and monogenean parasites of carp fingerlings in two selected areas of Bangladesh. Six hundred and forty fingerlings of seven species viz. Catla calla, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Labeo rohita, Ctenophalyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Barbodes gonionotus and Cirrhinus cirrhosus from different nursery ponds of Shambhuganj, Mymensingh, and Santaher, Bogra were examined during this investigation. This study revealed that carp fingerlings carried a large number of protozoan and monogenean parasites. Different protozoan parasites viz Trichodina domerguei, Trichodina reticulata, Myxobolus koi, Chilodonella cyprini and monogenean parasites such as Dactylogyrus extensus, Dactylogyrus catlarius and Dactylogyroides tripathi were identified in the experimental fishes throughout the study period. It has been observed that distribution, prevalence and intensity of parasite in carp fingerlings are species and zone specific. In case of C. cirrhosus, the highest prevalence of protozoan parasite viz Trichodina domerguei were 93.75% and 75.92% in Santhahar and Shambhuganj area respectively. Irrespective of host, the most prevalent ectoparasite was Dactylogyrus extensus, followed by Myxobolus koi, Chilodonella cyprini and Dactylogyroides tripathi. Relatively higher mortality of carp fingerlings was found at younger stage. The highest prevalent parasitic species was identified as Trichodina domerguei followed by Trichodina reticulata and Dactylogyrus catlarius were found 93.75% in Cirrhinus cirrhosus, 68.75% in Cyprinus carpio and 39.44% in Hypophthalmicthys molitrix respectively.

Keywords: Protozoan, Monogenean, Ectoparasite, Carp fingerlings

Location: Shambhuganj, Mymensingh and Santahar, Bogra.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To study the distribution, prevalence and intensity of infestation of protozoan and monogenean parasites of carp fingerlings in two selected areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Collection of samples: The present study was conducted in Mymensingh and Bogra districts. The host fishes were fingerlings of H. molitrix, C. idella, C. carpio, B. gonionotus, C. catla, L. rohita and C. cirrhosus. Fingerlings of different carp species were sampled on a monthly basis. The sampling was done with the help of local fish farmers using small mesh sized cast nets and dip nets from different fish ponds at Shambhuganj, Mymensingh and Santahar, Bogra. The collected live fishes were immersed in 5% neutral formalin for preservation and brought to the laboratory of Freshwater Station, BFRI, Mymensingh and Flodplain Sub-Station, BFRI, Santahar, Bogra for detailed study of infestation of protozoan parasites and monogenean helminths in their ecological niche. Investigation of parasites: A total of 640 fish specimens of different carp fingerlings were examined throughout the study period. Body length of the host fishes were measured by slide calipers. For the study of ectoparasites, external organ of fish such as skin, scales, fins, tails etc. were first examined with a hand lens. The gills were then dissected out from the branchial cavity and placed in a finger bowl containing 1:4000 formalin solution for an hour. The decanted sediments were taken in a petridish and picked up by dropper which is examined under a stereoscopic microscope with 10 x 40, 10x60, 10x100 times magnifications. Smear and mucosal layer were prepared through scraping of the affected fish and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin solution. This sample were stained with Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin and counter stained with eosin. The scraped material was diluted with a drop of clean water and then transferred to a slide with cover slip and examined first by a low magnification (30X) and then by a high magnification of microscope. Prevalence and intensity of parasites in each fish were recorded for each month. The collected parasites were fixed. The parasites were identified. The effect of region and length of fishes were analyzed in terms of the percentage of parasites present. Level of infestations and frequency, referred to as the number of fishes infected by parasites (usually the mean), was calculated and severity of infestation was determined accordingly. Prevalence of parasites were obtained as the number of fingerlings infected divided by total number of fingerlings sampled multiplied by one hundred. Regional and organ wise distributions of the parasites were analyzed in terms of percentage. Incidence of infestation refers to the percentage of fish in a sample infested with a particular parasite species.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 11(1), 2007: 37-44

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study revealed that carp fingerlings carried a large number of protozoan and monogenean parasites. Different protozoan parasites viz Trichodina domerguei, Trichodina reticulata, Myxobolus koi, Chilodonella cyprini and monogenean parasites such as Dactylogyrus extensus, Dactylogyrus catlarius and Dactylogyroides tripathi were identified in the experimental fishes throughout the study period. It has been observed that distribution, prevalence and intensity of parasite in carp fingerlings are species and zone specific. In case of C. cirrhosus, the highest prevalence of protozoan parasite viz Trichodina domerguei were 93.75% and 75.92% in Santhahar and Shambhuganj area respectively. Irrespective of host, the most prevalent ectoparasite was Dactylogyrus extensus, followed by Myxobolus koi, Chilodonella cyprini and Dactylogyroides tripathi. Relatively higher mortality of carp fingerlings was found at younger stage. The highest prevalent parasitic species was identified as Trichodina domerguei followed by Trichodina reticulata and Dactylogyrus catlarius were found 93.75% in Cirrhinus cirrhosus, 68.75% in Cyprinus carpio and 39.44% in Hypophthalmicthys molitrix respectively.

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