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Effect of Distillery and Agricultural Pollution on Some Physicochemical Properties of Water in Three Beels of Rangpur

M.Z. Rahman
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, BAU, Mymensingh

M.F.A. Mollah
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, BAU, Mymensingh

M.A. Wahab
Department of Fisheries Management, BAU, Mymensingh

M. M. Rahman
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, BAU, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Studies on the effect of distillery and agricultural pollution on some physico-chemical properties of water in three beels of Rangpur were conducted from January 2004 to December 2005 under three treatments: Treatment-I in the distillery effluent polluted Nandinar beel, Treatment-II in agricultural runoff polluted Chapundaha beel and Treatment-III in minimal polluted Dariar beel. Samples were collected from three locations of each beel monthly. Physico-chemical parameters like water temperature (^oC), water depth (m), water transparency (cm), total suspended solids (mg/L), total alkalinity (mg/L), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg/L), nitrate-nitrogen (mg/L), ammonia-nitrogen (mg/L), phosphate-phosphorus (mg/L), chlorophyll-a (μg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (mg/L) were recorded. There were significant variation (p<0.05) in water depth, total suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate-nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and chemical oxygen demand among the experimental beels. Total alkalinity, ammonia-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus as recorded from Nandinar beel varied significantly (p<0.05) from those of the other two beels. Water transparency as recorded in the Dariar beel varied significantly from that of the other two beels but the same of Nandinar beel and Chapundaha beel did not vary significantly(p<0.05). All the physico-chemical parameters except water temperature of the Nandinar beel and Dariar beel were found to vary significantly (p<0.05). Water quality assessment indicates that water of Nandinar beel was badly polluted with distillery effluent and characterized by high level of ammonia (0.13-8.45 mg/L), low dissolved oxygen (0.10-7.50 mg/L), very low nitrate-nitrogen (0-0.02 mg/L), very high chemical oxygen demand (43.64-939.13 mg/L) and high total alkalinity (24-660 mg/L) with frequent fish kill while that of Chapundaha beel was moderately polluted with occasional fish kill and sign of eutrophication and that of Dariar beel was good with no fish kill.

Keywords: Distillery and agricultural pollution, Physicochemical properties, Rangpur

Location: Rangpur district.

Start Date: 00-01-2004

End Date: 00-12-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To assess the effects of distillery and agricultural pollution on physico-chemical properties of water in three beels in Rangpur.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in three beels in Rangpur from January 2004 to December 2005 under three treatments: Treatment-I conducted in the distillery polluted Nandinar beel receiving distillery effluents, Treatment-II conducted in the agriculture polluted Chapundaha beel receiving considerable amounts of agricultural runoff from huge catchments and Treatment-III conducted in the minimal polluted Dariar beel receiving the minimum agricultural runoff. Physico-chemical parameters like water temperature, water depth, transparency, pH and DO were monitored monthly. Sampling of water for the analyses of NO₃-N, NH₃-N, PO₄-P, total alkalinity, TSS, chlorophyll-a and COD was made at monthly intervals. On each sampling date, water samples were collected from three locations of each of the three beels and were stored in clean white labeled plastic bottles. One hundred ml of the collected water sample was filtered through 47 μm glass fiber filter paper (Whatman GF/C) and were acidified (pH≤2) for nutrient analyses. For the determination of COD 100 ml unfiltered water sample was acidified (pH ≤2) for storage using concentrated H2SO4 following APHA. Surface water temperature was recorded using a Celsius thermometer. Transparency was measured by a standard Secchi disc of 25 cm diameter. The pH and dissolved oxygen of water were recorded using a digital pH meter and a digital DO meter (Model- HANNA- HI-9142), respectively. Determination of NO₃-N, NH₃-N and PO4-P was done in the Water Quality Laboratory of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh by a DR/2010 spectrophotometer. Total alkalinity was determined following the methods. For the determination of chlorophyll-a, filter papers used for filtering 100 ml water sample were dissolved in 10 ml acetone in centrifuge tubes. Then the tubes were kept overnight for the extraction of chlorophyll-a. The extracted sample was centrifuged and made ready for the analysis by ultra-violet ray absorption spectrophotometer (Spectronic, Milton and Roy, Model-1001 plus) following APHA. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined following the closed reflux, titrimetric method as described by APHA.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. (Special Issue, 2007) 30 : 65-78

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The fishery of the rivers Chitra and Fatki is degraded because of both man made and natural reasons. However, with respect to species abundance the rivers still has the potential for contribution to the livelihoods of the poor and marginal fishermen in the areas. The fishermen in the locality though were less informed about the use of harmful gears, habitat damage, fish spawning and migration, the intervention of CBFM in the rivers has turned out the fisher communities responsive in the activities for the sustainable and biological management of the resources. There are problems of power groups with neo-fishermen intrusion in the management committees and that needs careful handling for achieving success.

Knowledge Management: Journal