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Physico-chemical Studies of Lipids and Nutrient Contents of Channa Striatus and Channa Marulius

Dipak Kumar Paul
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.

Rafiquel Islam
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

M. A. Sattar
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out to determine the lipids isolated from Channa striatus and Channa marulius and to analyze the nutrient contents of both fish. The specific gravity, refractive index and viscosity co-efficients were (0.93±0.03 and 0.91±0.03 at 30^oC), (1.76±0.21 and 1.34±0.22 at 30^oC) and (438.43±2.5 and 411.34±1.2) for C. striatus and C. marulius, respectively. Besides, the lipids of both fish showed significant results in case of chemical characterization. On the contrary, C. striatus and C. marulius contained expected amount of carbohydrate, protein, lipid and cholesterol. The percentages of moisture, dry matter and ash were found in fair amounts. Furthermore, the minerals of C. striatus such as calcium and magnesium contents were higher but iron and zinc contents were lower than C. marulius. But, the percentages of lead, mercury and chromium of both fish were precisely in traces amounts. The fatty acids in C. striatus and C. marulius were identified respectively; lauric acid (2.73 and 5.55 %), palmitic acid (17.79 and 27.74 %), oleic acid (36.81and 31.35 %), linoleic acid (3.45 and 2.49 %) and stearic acid (25.79 and 21.81%)

Keywords: C. striatus; C. marulius; Lipids; Fatty acids; Nutrients

Location: Kushtia district.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To determine the lipids isolated from Channa striatus and Channa marulius and to analyze the nutrient contents of both fish.

Methodology:

Fish Sample Collection and Lipids Extraction: Fresh water Channa striatus and Channa marulius fish samples were collected from Kushtia ?fish Market, Kushtia, Bangladesh. The weight of C. striatus and C. marulius were 3.5 kg and 4.5 kg respectively. Besides, the age of C. striatus was 2.5 years whereas the C. marulius was 2.0 years. After collection, 50 g fish was cleansed by discarding their bones, liver, stomach and viscera. The lipids were isolated by solvent extraction method using chloroform-methanol solvent through a volumetric flask. Lipids Characterization: The isolated lipids were separated from solvents at low temperature (to prevent oxidation) with the help of rotary vacuum evaporator. The lipids were stored at 40^oC in the presence of an inert gas until analyzed. The physico-chemical characterizations were determined using standard methods. Determination of Fatty Acids Profile: The lipid (5 g) was taken in a round bottom flask (125 ml) and saponified with alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution (50 ml). The mixtures were then refluxed for 45 minutes on a water bath until it became clear. The reaction mixtures were allowed to cool and neutralized with HCl (5 N). Alcohol was removed from the neutralized solution by evaporation over a steam bath. Besides, 25 ml water was added to this alcohol free solution and pH was adjusted by adding concentrated HCl. The acidified aqueous mixture was then extracted with 20 ml ether in a separating funnel and the extraction was repeated for three times. The combined ether extract was washed with water in order to remove any adhering HCl. Therefore, Ether was removed from the extract to give the fatty acid mixture. The fatty acid mixture was then esterified with methanolic solution of sulfuric acid (0.25 M, 5 ml/g acid). After esterification, the mixture was dissolved in ether (25 ml) in a separating funnel and washed with dilute sodium carbonate solution until the effervescence ceased. It was then washed with water, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and finally ether was removed to give methyl ester mixture.The experiment was carried out with a “PUE UNICAM” 4500 U model gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. A glass coiled column (3 mm, I.D. 2.1 m) was packed with 70-100 mesh chromosorb after impregnating with 10% diethylene glycol succinct and was used for the regular packed column GLC. The temperature programming in the oven was 130⁰C to 230⁰C with the rate of rising 4⁰C per minute. The oven, injector and the detector temperature were 190, 200 and 205⁰C respectively with a nitrogen carrier gas (flow rate 30 ml/min). The speed of the chromatogram was at 0.5 cm/min. The fatty acids in the mixture were identified by comparing its relative retention volume. The area of each chromatogram peak was determined by multiplying the one-half of the height by the width of the peak. The percentages of fatty acid contributing to each peak were calculated and the results have been computed. Nutritional Analysis: The nutrients of C. striatus and C. marulius were determined by the assayed as described in the volume. All chemicals of analytical grade were used and supplied by Sigma Co. (St. Louis, USA). Each analysis was carried out in triplicates. Estimation of Minerals by AAS: The chemical analysis for the estimation of the trace elements (Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Cr) of both fish’s was performed with the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The technique involved the following steps: The stock standard solutions of 100 ppm were prepared by using analytical grade reagents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Cr salt with distilled demonized water. The stock standard solution were preserved in clean polythene bottles and kept in a refrigerator. Standard solutions of these metal ions were prepared by suitable dilution of the stock standard solution. Dilution was carried out with distilled demonized water. Also, the fish sample was diluted to a known volume and analyzed by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Flame AAS). The sample was analyzed against standard solution of each element. A blank reagent was also maintained, and the absorption due to reagent was subtracted. All the glasses were Pyrexand were cleaned by detergent, 1:1 HNO₃ and demonized water to avoid any contamination before uses. Reagents were prepared with distilled and deionized water. The water was prepared by passing distilled water through a mixed-bed ion-exchange resin column. Samples were subsequently analyzed for trace elements by “AAS-680”Atomic Absorption / Flame Emission spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). A single hollow cathode lamp for each element was used with an air-acetylene and nitrousoxide- acetylene (Okorie, 2010). Statistical Analysis: Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software (Version 14.0 software, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and the significance was defined at p < 0.05.

Source of Information: Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13: 487-493 (2013) ISSN 1303-2712

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Regarding the suitable amount of lipids and nutrient contents, it appears that C. striatus and C. marulius could be used as human diet or as supplementary food for other animals as an excellent source of good quality fatty acids, especially PUFA under higher body weights. Besides, both fish can be utilized by food processors in fish canning and other value added fish products such as fish burger, fish cake and fish crackers and also for use in controlling diet while the wastes recovered can be used for fish meal or silage production for animal feeds. Hence, they are suitable as the potential industrial material for possible utilization for different food products.

Knowledge Management: Journal