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Improvement in the Production Phase of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium Rosenbergii in Grow-out Ponds Through the Use of Substrates

MD. ABDULLAH-AL-MAMUN
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

AHMED HARUN AL-RASHID
Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

SABUJ KANTI MAZUMDER
Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

MD. MOSTAFA SHAMSUZZAMAN
Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

MD. MOSAROF HOSSAIN
Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

SHAMIMA NASREN
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present experiment was conducted to observe the feasibility of fresh water prawn culture and to evaluate the effects of substrates on the growth and survival of freshwater prawn, Macribrachium rosenbergii. The experiment was conducted in 12 ponds, 30 m² each, for a period of 100 days. Three substrates were assigned to three different treatments. Each treatment had three replicates. Treatment-I received no substrate and considered as the control. Coconut branch was used as substrate in treatment-II. Treatment-III was provided with HDPE black netting. Treatment-IV contained 15 pieces bamboo sticks. PL-30 of M. rosenbergii (mean initial weight 0.062 ± 0.02 mg) were stocked at the rate of 120 PL in each pond. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in final weight of prawn in treatment-II and treatment-III but these values were significantly higher than those in treatment-IV and treatment-I. Mean survival of all treatments which ranged from 65.90 to 66.33%. Result of the present study indicated that growth of M. rosenbergii improved in the presence of substrates but the substrate did not improve the survival.

Keywords: Freshwater Prawn, Grow-out ponds, Bangladesh

Location: Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU) campus.

Start Date: 00-06-2011

End Date: 00-09-2011

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Prawn

Objectives:

To observe the feasibility of fresh water prawn culture and to evaluate the effects of substrates on the growth and survival of freshwater prawn, Macribrachium rosenbergii

Methodology:

Experimental site and pond facilities: The study was conducted for a period of 100 days during the month of June to September, 2011 in 12 experimental ponds each of 30 m², located in Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU) campus. The water depth was maintained to a maximum level of 1.3 m using fine meshed PVC overflow pipe (2 inches diameter) on the bank fixed at 1.3 m above the pond bottom. There was well organized inflow and outflow system to maintain the water level. Water was added in the ponds to maintain the water level and to keep good water quality at regular intervals from a deep tubewell. All the ponds were of similar size, depth and basin configuration. Pond preparation: To eradicate all undesirable fish, insect and other aquatic organisms the ponds were drained out completely. Aquatic weeds were removed manually and the grasses on the pond dykes were also pruned manually into very small size. The ponds were serially numbered as 1 to 12 for the convenience of the study. Lime was applied at the rate of 25 g.m^-2. Source of PL and acclimatization: The postlarvae (PL) of M. rosenbergii were collected from Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh. The PLs were of 30 days old. These PLs were brought to Sylhet Agricultural University Campus in oxygenated bags through 10 h bus journey. The PLs containing bags were kept in ponds of the experimental system for 30 minutes to acclimatize with the new environment. Experimental feed: The Quality nursery Golda feed diet (32% protein) from Quality Fish Feed Ltd., Dhaka were used for rearing the PLs. This experimental diet analyzed for proximate composition at the end of the experiment. Experimental design: The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design. Three substrates were assigned to three different treatments. Each treatment had three replicates. Treatment-I received no substrate and considered as the control. Coconut branch (4 pieces) was used as substrate in Treatment-II. Pieces of coconut branch were installed in the pond side wall at 600 angles. Treatment-III was provided with HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) black netting (1.2 cm mesh) oriented vertically to increase available surface area in the ponds by about 40% and attached with the bamboo stick. Treatment-IV contained 15 pieces of 2 ft long hollow bamboo pools (2 cm internal diameter) placed on the bottom of each pond. The bamboo pools increased the surface area and hollow areas provide more space for hiding of PLs. Each pond received 2 feeding tray just beneath the water level to ensure proper utilization of fed. Stocking of PLs and feeding rate: PL-30 was hand-counted and stocked at the rate of 120 PL in each pond. The mean initial length and weight of PLs were 2.54 cm ± 0.02 and 0.062 ± 0.02 g respectively. The stocking was done on 1st of June 2011 in the morning at 7.00 am. PLs were fed at a rate of 20% of their body weight at the beginning and feeding rate was gradually reduced to 10% at the start of 2nd month. The total amount of feed for a day was divided in to two equal proportions and delivered at 600 and 1700 h daily. A record of supplied feed was kept for determining the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Sampling of post larvae: Fortnightly sampling was done by using a cast net to observe the growth of prawn. Weight of PLs in each sampling was measured by using a digital electronic balance (OHAUS, Model CT1200-S, Princeton, NJ, USA). The sampled PLs were handled very carefully as the species is very susceptible to handling stress. Water quality and prawn health were monitored regularly during the experimental period. Water quality parameters: The water quality parameters viz. water temperature; pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) total ammonia were measured and recorded fortnightly throughout the experimental period. Calculations and statistical analysis: Weight gain (g), specific growth rate (SGR % day^-1), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival (%) of the prawn were calculated. Food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were considered as apparent as no correction was made for uneaten food left (if any). The proximate composition of the feed was analyzed according to AOAC. Crude protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method (total N × 6.25) with a Kjeldahl System (1007 Digestion System, 1002 Distilling unit, and Titration unit, Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden) using boric acid to trap released ammonia. Lipid was determined by Soxhlet method using diethyl ether as the organic solvent. Crude fibre contents in diet samples were determined using a Fibretech system (model M1017 Hot Extractor, Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden). The nitrogen-free extract was calculated by difference. Data of the weight gain, SGR, FCR, PER, and survival were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (MSTAT-C package program). Significant variation between the means was evaluated by Duncan’s new multiple range test. A significance level of P<0.05 was used.

Source of Information: J. Aqua Trop. Vol. 27, No. (1) 2012, Pages 53-64

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Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

Result of the present study indicated that prawn farming were very much feasible in the area of Sylhet region and growth of M. rosenbergii improved in the presence of substrates but the substrate did not improve the survival. High density polyethylene (HDPE) and coconut branching gave the best result compared to bamboo sticks and control treatment in terms of growth and feed efficiency parameters.

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