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Combined Application of Optical and Microwave Satellite Technology for Inventory of Water Bodies and Study of the Dynamics of Surface Water in Relation to Climate Change

A.Z.Md. Zahedul Islam
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Mohammed Nur Hossain Sharifee
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

S. M. Humayun Kabir
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Sukumar Dutta
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Abu Taleb Pramanik
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Water resources datasets were generated and analysed for inventory of water bodies and for depicting seasonal dynamics of surface water in the Sylhet division of Bangladesh. An attempt was made to assess the probable impact of climate change on surface water and allied sectors. High resolution optical and microwave remotely sensed images were used for generation of water resources datasets. District and upazila based inventories of water bodies in dry and wet seasons were carried out through analysis of water resources datasets using GIS. The study revealed that, the area had very high percentage of surface water (42.41 % and 6.91 % in wet and dry seasons respectively). It contained huge number of ponds (1,11,521), area of which was 0.66 % of the total area. Wet to dry season fluctuation of surface water in 2009/2010 was 83.70 % with respect to wet season water area in 2009. The water sector of the study area was seen highly vulnerable to climate change. The variation of rainfall was seen to induce significant change of the extent of water area. Early increase of surface water due to higher rainfall had impacts on both Boro and Aman crops in the study area.

Keywords: Remote Sensing, Inventory, Surface water dynamics, Climate Change

Location: Sylhet division of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Non-commodity: Resource inventory

Objectives:

i. To carry out an inventory of water bodies and generate digital data layers.
ii. Study seasonal dynamics of surface water as probable impacts of climate change.

Methodology:

Aerial photos of 1999/2000 were used as the base data for generation of datasets of the small water bodies. The aerial photos were captured at a scale of 1: 25000 and scanned at 600 Dot Per Inch (DPI) to render 1 (one) m spatial resolution. The aerial photographs were orthorectified using ERDAS Imagine software.As the aerial photos were a bit old, RapidEye satellite image of 2011 was used for updating the small water body dataset. RapidEye image is multi-spectral (5 band) having 5 m resolution. Automatic classification for extraction of small water bodies from aerial photos and RapidEye images was found less accurate. For generation of small water body datasets, Interpretation Key (IK) based on-screen digitization technique was used. For large water bodies, classifications of Landsat TM images based on Thresholding and Logical-Relational Method were used. Each of these two classification methods has advantages and disadvantages. For refinement of the generated datasets, the classified outputs from the two methods were mutually fused to identify the confused part of the classified result. The confused part was spectrally analysed on the Landsat TM images to interpret its actual class (water or land) and the classified images were corrected accordingly. In addition, extensive field work was conducted for verification and refinement of the generated datasets. Large water body data for wet season was generated from RADARSAT images. Isodata clustering technique was used for classifying the RADARSAT images. The interface class between land and water is a bit erroneous in classifying microwave image like RADARSAT. To reduce the classification error to a minimum the number of class in the isodata classification procedure was adjusted based on information of features collected from field using GPS. The remotely sensed images was used for generation of datasets of different water bodies. This study was carried out using both optical (Landsat TM) and microwave (RADARSAT) remotely sensed images. At the end of the methodological intervention (processing) mentioned above, all the datasets were apprehended in vector format (shape files). Analysis of the vector datasets were carried out using Arc GIS software. For inventory of water bodies, composite data layers were generated combining water body datasets and administrative unit data layer. For studying the seasonal and temporal dynamics of water areas, composite data layers were generated combining seasonal and temporal water body datasets. Standard procedures of data analyses were applied based on logical operation on the attribute data of the composite spatial database.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Research Publication J; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 11, Issue: 1, Page: 59-69, March - April, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/admin/journal/upload/1410062/1410062.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study had established a solid foundation for generation and analysis of water body dataset based on remote sensing and GIS. The method and the technological development achieved through this study could be useful in carrying out inventory of water bodies in other parts of the country.

Knowledge Management: Journal