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Some Biological Parameters of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee (lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Potato in Laboratory Condition

M.A. Mannan
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur.

K.S. Islam
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. Jahan
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

N. Tarannum
Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Studies were made on the biology of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee feeding on peeled potato tubers as host in the laboratory. It was observed that moths were active at night for mating, oviposition and adult emergence. Adult emergence started just after sunset and it was maximum (88.90%) during the first half of the night. Maximum mating occurred at late night where 90.80% mating occurred in the first night of adult emergence. Oviposition occurred in the second night of emergence when 86.62% of eggs were deposited during the first half of the night. A female laid 288.05 eggs in 2.65 days in summer and 185.55 eggs in 2.70 days in winter. The egg hatching and larval and pupal period of BSFB were 4.13, 10.40 and 6.60 days, respectively in summer and 6.90, 14.50 and 10 .65 days in winter. BSFB needs 10.40 and 14.50 days to complete its larval period in summer and winter, respectively. Pupal period lasted for 5-13 days. Life cycle from egg to adult was 17-44 days. The longevity of male and female adult was 3.50 and 6.20 days in summer and 4.85 and 8.90 days in winter. Temperature in two seasons showed variations in the biology of BSFB.

Keywords: Biology, Adult longevity, Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Mating, Oviposition, Larval and pupal period .

Location: Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-03-2008

End Date: 00-04-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects, Potato

Objectives:

To know some biological parameters of BSFB.(Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer)

Methodology:

The biology of BSFB was studied during March, 2008 to April, 2009 in the laboratory, Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Infested fruits were collected from the unsprayed brinjal field and were kept in tin made tray like open container with dried brinjal leaves. Through completing the larval stage the full fed larvae came out from the infested brinjal fruits and go to pupation in the dried brinjal leaves. A large number of pupae were collected from the tray and left in a glass jar. The mouth of the glass jar was then covered with a small piece of mosquito net to allow the pupae to develop into adults. After adult emergence, the male and female adult moths were collected from the glass jars. A pair of adults (one male and one female) was transferred into a both side open cylindrical glass jar containing a few pieces of green papers inside. The inner surface of the glass jar was wrapped with green papers to make the environment of the jar somewhat green like leaves of brinjal. Immediately after transferring the adults both the open ends were covered carefully with small pored net so that the moths were not injured during the process. Mating, adult behavior and oviposition were recorded in the twenty same cylindrical jars. BSFB usually lays eggs on the brinjal leaves and twigs both of which are rough surfaced. In preliminary observation it was also evident that BSFB female prefers to deposit its eggs in a place of rough surface. The fine meshed net was found to be a preferred surface for egg deposit ion of BSFB. This type of net was used to cover the cylinder with the objective to encourage the females to lay eggs on it. Sugar solution of 5% soaked in cotton was placed inside the cylinder to provide nourishment for the adults during the period of oviposition. The pair of moths was transferred to another similar jar after 24 hours and maintained following the same procedure. This was continued so long the moths survived. Twenty mated females were used separately as 20 replications for recording the egg laying trend. After removal of adults the green papers and the fine meshed net were checked thoroughly for the presence of BSFB egg.

As expected the female laid all the eggs on the net. There was no trace of eggs on the green papers. The eggs on the net were very tiny and visualized properly with the help of magnifying glass. Then these were counted and it was continued until the death of the female. This counting was done at mid night and early in the morning as it was observed to lay eggs after sunset and no eggs were laid in day time. After counting, the net with eggs was placed in a plastic film container and allowed to hatch. For all the batches of eggs, the same procedure was maintained. All the batches of eggs of an individual were added to get th e fecundity of the female. Twenty females were observed for laying their eggs. The age specific egg laying pattern of the female was determined. The eggs laid by a female per day from the 1^st oviposition day to the last oviposition day were counted daily. The longevity of the adults was recorded also. Net with eggs were cut into several pieces carefully with minimum damage and kept in plastic film container and allowed to hatch. The eggs were observed for hatching everyday. The time of egg hatching was also recorded. Counting of the number of egg hatching was done from early in the morning to till 2.00 PM. Once the eggs hatched into neonate larvae the duration of the incubation period was recorded. The mean incubation period and percent ages of hatching were calculated. After hatching, 40 neonate larvae were released on whole peeled potato with the help of soft hair brush for feeding. Immediately after releasing on the peeled potato the newly hatched larvae were allowed to settle there. I n earlier experiment laboratory rearing technique of BSFB on the peeled potato was developed. The development of larvae of each generation was observed. Peeled potato infested with neonate larvae was observed for the development of larvae. Once the larval period is about to be completed, they came out from the host potato. The larval duration was recorded. Pre-pupae were left in a tray with dry leaves of brinjal for pupation to provide favorable environment for pupation. The pre-pupae were observed carefully for any change to become a pupa. All the pre-pupae and pupae were left undisturbed in a tray until the adult emergence. The pupal period was recorded. The total development periods were also recorded. To study the behavior of the adult emergence a number of pupae were kept in a glass cylinder and observed for adult emergence. In a preliminary study in the laboratory it was found that adult started emerging from the pupae just after sunset and continued up to sun rising and no adults emerged in day time. Therefore, the number of adult emergence were recorded at two times viz., mid night and early in the morning. The percentage of adult emergence was calculated at first half and second half of night.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40 (3): 381-390 , September 2015, ISSN 0258 - 7122

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJAR/article/view/25412/17065

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

BSFB moths were fo und active at night when the mating took place. As revealed from the preliminary observation that maximum percentage of adult emergence (88.90%) occurred at first half of the night. After mating the female moth of L. orbonalis laid a mean of 288.05 eggs in summer and 185.55 eggs in winter. The number of eggs laid per female and percentage of egg hatching report ed by the above authors were lower than that found in summer in present study. However, the data of fecundity in winter is similar to those of the above reports. Environmental conditions influence the biology of many insects including the fecundity.

In the present study five larval instars were found during different activities. It became difficult to study the instar wise developmental period in potato host as the left exuvae were not clearly visible due to similarity with the color of potato. For this reason no attempt was made to conduct the study on instar wise development period. Variation of larval developmental period in summer and winter noticed in the present study was solely the influence of higher and lower temperature in these two seas ons. The effect of different hosts such as potato used in the present study and different artificial diets used by different authors caused such variation of larval development. BSFB requires 1.5 times higher periods to complete its development in winter than that of summer. Although the effect of temperature was not studied in this experiment the results indicated that the rate of development of BSFB seemed to be directly proportional to the temperature.

Most of the adults (88.90%) emerged during the first half of the night and rest of the adults emerged in the second half of the night. No single individual moth lived for such short period in the environmental condition of the present study. Adult longevity was longer in winter than summer. Female longevity was about 2 - fold higher than the male.

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